航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (8): 431038-431038   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31038

铜-铝双金属轴承超声预熔覆-钎焊复合连接

宋娜1(), 刘静1, 茄菊红1, 强巍1, 李卓霖2, 易苏柳2, 王浩然2   

  1. 1.中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司,西安 710077
    2.哈尔滨工业大学 材料结构精密焊接与连接全国重点实验室,哈尔滨 150001 3.哈尔滨工业大学(威海)山东省特种焊接技术重点实验室,威海 264209
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-03 修回日期:2024-08-31 接受日期:2024-10-09 出版日期:2024-11-08 发布日期:2024-11-07
  • 通讯作者: 宋娜 E-mail:583108875@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    铜-铝轴承双金属连接工艺技术研究((KJ)HFQT2305GCB001)

Ultrasonic pre-cladding and soldering for composite connecting of copper-aluminum bimetallic bearings

Na SONG1(), Jing LIU1, Juhong QIE1, Wei QIANG1, Zhuolin LI2, Suliu YI2, Haoran WANG2   

  1. 1.AECC Xi’an Power Control Technology Corporation,Xi’an 710077,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding & Joining of Materials and Structures,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China
    3.Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Special Welding Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Weihai,Weiha 264209,China
  • Received:2024-08-03 Revised:2024-08-31 Accepted:2024-10-09 Online:2024-11-08 Published:2024-11-07
  • Contact: Na SONG E-mail:583108875@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Study on Process Technology of Bimetallic Connection of Copper-Aluminum Bearings((KJ)HFQT2305GCB001)

摘要:

采用Zn-6Al钎料,分别对铝合金基体和铜合金衬套待连接的表面超声预熔覆钎料层,在热装配后进行二次钎焊,实现了轴承组件的连接。通过扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪对预熔覆钎料层后的铝合金、铜合金界面微观组织以及二次钎焊后的接头微观组织进行了表征和分析。同时探究了钎焊保温时间对接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。对比研究了超声预熔覆-钎焊复合连接与直接超声辅助钎焊连接两种方法下接头力学性能差异。此外对通过超声预熔覆-钎焊复合连接制作的轴承试样,使用水浸超声C扫描系统检测焊合率。结果表明,预熔覆后的Al/Zn-6Al、Cu/Zn-6Al界面结合良好,且二次钎焊后形成了无明显缺陷、界面结合良好的Cu/Zn-6Al/Al接头。随着二次钎焊保温时间增加,接头抗剪强度下降,当钎焊保温时间为30 s时,接头最大强度达到135.8 MPa,断裂发生在接头组织中的CuZn5相处。然而,利用直接超声辅助钎焊连接时,随着超声时间增加,接头抗剪强度呈现先升后降的趋势。当超声作用时间4 s时,接头最大强度达到65.9 MPa,断裂位置位于Cu5Zn8相与CuZn5相交界处。对比于超声预熔覆-钎焊复合连接的接头,其接头抗剪强度较低。此外经检测,通过超声预熔覆-钎焊复合连接的轴承试样的端面焊合率约为99.3%,孔内焊合率约为99.5%,且无贯穿性缺陷。

关键词: 铝合金, 铜合金, 超声预熔覆, 钎焊, 轴承连接

Abstract:

The Zn-6Al solder was used separately to ultrasonically pre-clad the aluminum alloy matrix and the copper alloy bushing surfaces to be connected. The connection of the bearing was achieved by secondary soldering after hot assembly. The interface microstructure of aluminum alloy and copper alloy after pre-cladding a solder layer as well as the microstructure of the joints after the secondary soldering were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrometry. Meanwhile, the effects of soldering holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were investigated. The differences in the mechanical properties of the joints under two methods of ultrasonic pre-cladding and then soldering and direct ultrasonic-assisted soldering were comparatively investigated. Furthermore, the bonding rate of bearing specimens fabricated by ultrasonic pre-cladding and soldering composite connections was tested using a water immersion ultrasonic C-scan system. The results indicated good bonding of the Al/Zn-6Al interface and Cu/Zn-6Al interface after pre-cladding, and the Cu/Zn-6Al/Al joints with no obvious defects formed after secondary soldering. The shear strength of the joint decreased with the increase of the secondary soldering holding time. When the soldering holding time was 30 s, the maximum strength of the joint reached 135.8 MPa, with fracture occurring in the CuZn5 phase of the joint. However, when using direct ultrasound-assisted soldering method, the shear strength of the joints initially increase and then decrease as the ultrasonic time increases. When the ultrasonic action time was 4 s, the maximum strength of the joint reached 65.9 MPa, with the fracture location located at the junction of the Cu5Zn8 phase and the CuZn5 phase. The shear strength of the joints was lower than the joints obtained by ultrasonic pre-cladding and then soldering. In addition, the bearing specimens connected by ultrasonic pre-cladding and then soldering had a weldability of about 99.3% on the end faces and 99.5% in the holes, with no penetrating defects.

Key words: aluminum alloys, copper alloys, ultrasonic pre-cladding, soldering, bearing connections

中图分类号: