航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (12): 331376-331376   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31376

基于全生命周期数据驱动的通讯卫星行波管退化评估方法

赵浩天1,2, 邱实1,2, 刘明1,2(), 盖琦超3, 曹喜滨1,2   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工业大学 航天学院,哈尔滨 150001
    2.微小型航天器快速设计与智能集群全国重点实验室,哈尔滨 150001
    3.中国卫通集团股份有限公司,北京 100190
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10 修回日期:2024-11-11 接受日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2024-12-31 发布日期:2024-12-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘明 E-mail:mingliu23@hit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(62188101);思源人工智能科学与技术协同创新联盟基金(HTKJ2023SY502003);黑龙江省头雁团队项目;广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2019B030302001);上海航天科技创新基金(SAST2021-033)

Degradation evaluation method for communication satellite traveling wave tubes based on full life cycle data

Haotian ZHAO1,2, Shi QIU1,2, Ming LIU1,2(), Qichao GAI3, Xibin CAO1,2   

  1. 1.School of Astronautics,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Micro-Spacecraft Rapid Design and Intelligent Cluster,Harbin 150001,China
    3.China Satellite Communications Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100190,China
  • Received:2024-10-10 Revised:2024-11-11 Accepted:2024-12-10 Online:2024-12-31 Published:2024-12-30
  • Contact: Ming LIU E-mail:mingliu23@hit.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(62188101);Siyuan AI Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Alliance(HTKJ2023SY502003);Leading Talent Team Project of Heilongjiang Province;Major Project for Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province(2019B030302001);Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund(SAST2021-033)

摘要:

行波管(TWT)是通信卫星中的关键部件,通常长期工作在高温高压环境中,因此,其退化程度评估对于在轨通讯卫星安全运维尤为重要。传统的机理模型和门限规则方法难以对复杂电热耦合场效应下的行波管退化程度进行有效表示。为了解决这一挑战,提出了一种基于多尺度注意力编码器(MSA-Encoder)的行波管退化评估方法。首先,对遥测数据的复杂特性进行了详细分析,探讨了这些特性对深度学习模型训练带来的困难及其解决方案。其次,设计了MSA-Encoder网络,其通过自相关机制和全局-局部通道注意力分别对多维遥测数据中的时间和通道依赖关系进行充分捕捉,从而实现对数据的精准重构。再次,提出了一种基于马氏距离和移动平均季节性分解的行波管退化指数计算方法,该方法通过重构差异性理论进行数据漂移指数计算,再对其进行季节性分解,实现退化指数的计算。最后,利用某通讯卫星全生命周期的行波管数据构建了行波管退化数据集,并在该数据集上进行了数值实验。实验结果表明,MSA-Encoder在遥测数据特征提取能力方面优于其他同参数规模基准模型。同时,实验结果验证了所提出的退化指数计算方法的可信性。

关键词: 行波管, 通讯卫星, 退化评估, 数据驱动, 全生命周期遥测数据

Abstract:

Traveling Wave Tube (TWT) is a key component in communication satellites, typically operating in high-temperature and high-pressure environments for extended periods, making its degradation evaluation particularly important. Traditional mechanism models and threshold rule methods struggle to effectively represent degradation levels under complex electro-thermal coupling effects. To address this challenge, we propose a deep neural network degradation evaluation method based on a Multi-Scale Attention Encoder (MSA-Encoder). First, the complex characteristics of telemetry data are analyzed in detail, exploring the difficulties these characteristics pose for training deep learning models and providing solutions. Second, the MSA-Encoder network is designed, which precisely captures the temporal and channel dependencies in multi-dimensional telemetry data through auto-correlation and Global-Local Channel Attention (GLCA) mechanisms, respectively, achieving accurate data reconstruction. Third, we propose a TWT degradation index calculation method based on Mahalanobis distance and moving average seasonal decomposition. This method calculates data drift index through reconstruction difference theory, followed by moving average seasonal decomposition to compute the degradation index. Finally, using the full life cycle TWT data from a certain communication satellite, a TWT degradation dataset is constructed, and numerical experiments are conducted on this dataset. The experimental results show that the MSA-Encoder surpasses benchmark models of the same parameter scale in telemetry data extraction capability, proving the reliability of the degradation index calculation.

Key words: traveling wave tube, communication satellite, degradation evaluation, data-driven, full life cycle telemetry data

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