航空学报 > 2024, Vol. 45 Issue (19): 30027-030027   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30027

污染组分对超燃冲压发动机工作特性影响

时文, 乐嘉陵, 田野()   

  1. 中国空气动力研究与发展中心 空天技术研究所,绵阳 621000
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-27 修回日期:2024-02-01 接受日期:2024-03-07 出版日期:2024-03-21 发布日期:2024-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 田野 E-mail:tianye@cardc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家级项目

Vitiation effects on scramjet operational characteristics

Wen SHI, Jialing LE, Ye TIAN()   

  1. Aerospace Technology Institute,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China
  • Received:2023-12-27 Revised:2024-02-01 Accepted:2024-03-07 Online:2024-03-21 Published:2024-03-19
  • Contact: Ye TIAN E-mail:tianye@cardc.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Level Project

摘要:

超燃冲压发动机内流动及燃烧特性得到了持续和广泛的重视及研究,相关试验研究工作大多依赖于燃烧加热风洞地面试验设备,酒精、氢气、煤油等燃料的燃烧可加热试验气体并达到设计点,通过补氧的方式保证氧气的摩尔分数,燃料的燃烧必然会引入多种污染组分。燃烧加热器内污染组分的存在使得地面试验结果偏离真实飞行条件所得结果,污染效应则已成为提高地面试验结果外推准确性所亟待研究的问题。针对污染组分对超燃冲压发动机点火特性、性能、燃烧模态转换的影响、污染空气来流参数匹配方案及污染效应修正这五个方面进行了系统的综述,梳理了污染效应的研究进展。研究发现:大多数情况下,对于甲烷、乙烯、煤油等燃料,污染组分H2O会减小点火延迟时间、促进燃料点火,CO2会抑制燃烧,自由基及中间产物会明显促进点火,CO2污染组分对燃料燃烧的抑制效果比相同摩尔分数的H2O更显著且抑制影响表现出非线性的影响趋势。目前已有参数匹配方案均难以在宽速域及宽当量比范围内削弱污染效应即地面试验与真实飞行试验所得结果的偏差,污染效应修正技术实现尚有困难。

关键词: 超燃冲压, 污染组分, 点火特性, 燃烧模态转换, 参数匹配方案, 污染效应修正

Abstract:

Characteristics of internal flow and combustion in the scramjet engine have been constantly and extensively investigated, with experimental research strongly reliant on the combustion heated facilities. The combustion of fuels such as alcohol, hydrogen, and kerosene is able to heat the tested gas to the designed conditions, and the mole fraction of oxygen is ensured by the oxygen supplementation. Meanwhile, the combustion of fuels inevitably imports multiple vitiated air contaminants, the existence of which in the combustion heated facilities deviates the ground-test results from those obtained in the actual atmospheric flight conditions. Vitiation effects thus become an urgent problem to solve for improving the accuracy of ground-test result extrapolation. This paper comprehensively reviews five typical aspects, including the vitiation effects on ignition characteristics, scramjet performance, combustion mode transition, typical flow-parameter-matching scheme, and vitiation effect correction. The research progress of vitiation effects has also been introduced.The results show that in most cases, the vitiation component H2O will reduce the ignition delay time and promote fuel ignition, CO2 will inhibit combustion and free radicals and intermediates will significantly promote ignition for methane, ethylene, kerosene and other fuels. The inhibition effect of CO2 on combustion is more significant than that of H2O with the same mole fraction, and the inhibition effect shows a nonlinear trend. At present, the parameter matching schemes commonly used are difficult to reduce the vitiation effects, that is, the deviation of the results obtained from the ground test and the real flight test in the wide range of velocity and equivalent ratio. The correction of vitiation effects is still difficult to achieve.

Key words: scramjet, vitiation component, ignition characteristics, combustion mode transition, flow-parameter-matching scheme, vitiation effect correction

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