航空学报 > 2023, Vol. 44 Issue (2): 626310-626310   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2021.26310

新一代超声速民机气动关键技术专栏

超声速民机总体气动布局设计关键技术研究进展

丁玉临1,2, 韩忠华1,2(), 乔建领1,2, 聂晗1,2, 宋文萍1,2, 宋笔锋1,2   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 航空学院 环保型超声速客机研究中心/气动与多学科优化设计研究所,西安 710072
    2.西北工业大学 翼型、叶栅空气动力学国家级重点实验室,西安 710072
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-02 修回日期:2021-09-24 接受日期:2021-10-12 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2021-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 韩忠华 E-mail:hanzh@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11972305);陕西省杰出青年基金(2020JC-13)

Research progress in key technologies for conceptual-aerodynamic configuration design of supersonic transport aircraft

Yulin DING1,2, Zhonghua HAN1,2(), Jianling QIAO1,2, Han NIE1,2, Wenping SONG1,2, Bifeng SONG1,2   

  1. 1.Research Center for Environment-Friendly Supersonic Civil Transports (ReCESST)/Institute of Aerodynamic and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization,School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
  • Received:2021-09-02 Revised:2021-09-24 Accepted:2021-10-12 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Zhonghua HAN E-mail:hanzh@nwpu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(11972305);Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2020JC-13)

摘要:

超声速民机已成为世界民机未来发展的主要方向之一。超声速民机由于涉及声爆等一系列特殊的技术问题,比亚声速民机的性能要求更苛刻,对总体气动布局设计提出了更高要求。首先,根据设计思想和主要技术特点,将世界迄今为止的代表性超声速民机布局方案划分为三代:第1代布局主要旨在实现民用超声速飞行并兼顾高低速性能,基本为三角翼/双三角翼布局;第2代布局更加重视低声爆/低阻性能,主要采用大后掠箭形翼布局;第3代布局在低声爆/低阻要求基础上,更加注重多学科综合性能和技术可行性,主要采用“大后掠机翼+鸭翼/T尾/V尾布局和发动机短舱背负式/尾吊式”的布局。其次,梳理了新一代超声速民机总体气动布局设计目前面临的技术瓶颈和难点,对总体设计技术、低声爆设计技术、超声速减阻技术和飞-发一体化设计技术的国内外研究进展和现状进行了综述和分析。最后,展望了新一代超声速民机总体气动布局的发展趋势,针对仍需突破的关键科学与技术问题,探讨了重要研究方向。未来将优先发展超声速公务机或中小型超声速民机,其布局技术特点趋近于第3代布局,声爆、减阻、飞-发一体化、起降噪声、气动弹性、人机功效等方面的综合性能和工程可实现性将成为重点研究对象。

关键词: 超声速民机, 总体设计, 低声爆设计, 超声速减阻, 飞-发一体化设计

Abstract:

Next-generation Supersonic Transport Aircraft (STA) has become one of the main future directions for civil aviation transport. Compared with subsonic civil aircraft, STA involves a series of technical problems such as sonic boom and is confronted with more strict performance indexes, imposing higher requirements for the conceptual aerodynamic configuration design. This paper classifies the existing supersonic civil aircraft configurations in the world into three generations according to the design strategy and the main technical features. The first-generation configurations mainly adopt a delta wing/ double-delta wing platform to achieve supersonic civil flight and balance both high and low speed performance. The second-generation configurations take the low-boom and low-drag performance into consideration and employ the highly-swept arrow-wing tailless layout, while the third-generation focuses more on the multi-disciplinary comprehensive performance and the technical feasibility. Almost all these configurations adopt the T-tail or V-tail layout and the engine nacelle knapsack or tail crane layout. The technical bottlenecks and difficulties of the new generation STA conceptual-aerodynamic configuration design are then presented. The progress and state of the art of the conceptual design technology, low-boom design technology, supersonic drag reduction technology, and airframe-propulsion integrated design technology are reviewed. Finally, the development trend of a new-generation STA configuration is discussed, stressing some of the key scientific and technical issues to be broken through. Supersonic business jets or small and medium class STA will be the priority in the near future, with technical features approximating those of the third-generation configurations. Comprehensive performance and engineering realizability of factors such as sonic boom, drag reduction, airframe-propulsion integration, aeroelasticity, and man-machine efficacy should be the mainly concern in future research.

Key words: supersonic transport, conceptual design, low-boom design, supersonic drag reduction, airframe-propulsion integrated design

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