航空器声爆飞行试验测量技术研究进展

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.26186

Abstract

Abstract:

Sonic boom is a key factor affecting safety， economy， and environmental-friendliness of supersonic aircraft flight. Measuring and assessing sonic boom under real atmospheric conditions through flight tests is an important technical approach in induced problem research. The sonic boom measurement flight test is a complicated systematic engineering work， requiring breakthroughs of a series of sonic boom field measurement techniques from near-field to far-field. This paper presents an overview of sonic boom measurement flight test activities over the nearly past seventy years， and summarizes the development history and characteristics of the sonic boom flight test technology in three stages. Based on the analysis of propagation characteristics of sonic boom， the technical measurement scheme of the entire propagation path is proposed. Then， the sonic boom measurement technology by probe aircraft， aerostat and ground facilities is reviewed with emphasis on technical points， and the development trends are prospected. Finally other necessary parameter measurement methods and some key issues and future research directions of sonic boom measurement techniques of flight tests are briefly presented. Based on this， the technical development deficiencies of sonic boom flight tests in China are analyzed and some research directions are suggested.

Key words: sonic boom, sonic boom measurement, flight test, shock wave, supersonic aircraft

CLC Number:

V217⁺.1

Yahui SONG, Gaoyu FAN, Lixia QU, Yuelin ZHANG, Yue XU, Shuo HAN. Progress of aircraft sonic boom flight test measurement technology: Review[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(2): 626186.

Figures/Tables 19

Table 1

Representative sonic boom flight test programs

项目名称	时间/年	项目来源	试验对象
F100 Sonic Boom Flight Tests （SBFT）^［32］	1956	美国NASA、EAFB等	F100
National Sonic Boom Evaluation Program （NSBEP）^{［33-34，36-37］}	1966—1967	美国NASA、EAFB等	XB-70、B58、F-104
Public Response to SR-71’s Sonic Boom Tests （PRSSBT）^［38-39］	1967	美国NASA、EAFB等	SR-71
French Operation Jericho Carton （FOJC）^［40-41］	1969	法国Service Technique Aeronautique （STA）	Mirage Ⅲ、MirageⅣ
1970 BREN （Bare Reactor Experiments Nevada） tower tests^［42-43］	1970	美国NASA、Air Force等	F104
Concorde flight tests^［44］	1976—1978	瑞典Kiruna Geophysical Institute	“协和号Concorde”
U.S. Air Force’s Noise and Sonic Boom Impact Technology program （NSBIT）^［45］	1987	美国Air Force、EAFB等	F-4、T-38、AT-38、SR-71、F-111、F-14、F-15、F-16、F-18
High-Speed Research program （HSR）^［46］	1993	美国NASA	Tu-144
Have BEARs^［47］	1994	美国Air Force	F-16B
SR-71 Sonic Boom Propagation Experiment of high-speed research program （SR-71 SBPE）^［48］	1995	美国NASA	SR-71
Quiet Supersonic Platform： Shaped Sonic Boom Demonstration （QSP-SSBD）^［49-51］	2000—2004	美国DARPA	F-5E、F-5 SSBD
Quiet Spike^{TM ［5，52］}	2006	美国Gulfstream、NASA等	F-15B
Waveforms and Sonic boom Perception and Response （WSPR）^［53］	2010—	美国NASA、Wyle等	F/A-18
Drop test for Simplified Evaluation of Non-symmetrically Distributed sonic boom （D-SEND）^{［16，21］}	2011，2015	日本JAXA	第1阶段NWM和LBM，第2阶段为S3CM
Superboom Caustic Analysis and Measurement Project （SCAMP）^［54-55］	2011	美国NASA、Wyle等	F-18B
Farfield Investigation of No-boom Thresholds project （FaINT）^［56］	2012	美国NASA、Wyle、Boeing和法国Dassault等	F-18B
Quiet Supersonic Flights 2018 （QSF18）^［57］	2018	美国NASA	F/A-18
OS-X0试验飞行器声爆特性测量试验^［58］	2018	航空工业空气动力研究院、北京零壹空间科技有限公司	OS-X0试验飞行器
Carpet Determination In Entirety Measurements （CarpetDIEM）^［59］	2019—	美国NASA Armstrong	F/A-18
RegUlation and norM for low sonic Boom Levels （RUMBLE）^［22-24］	2020	欧盟、俄罗斯等国家和地区的研究机构	Su-30
某型歼击机超低空/高空飞行地面声爆测量试验^［29］	2020	中国飞行试验研究院、中国航空研究院等	某型歼击机J-XX
Low-Boom Flight Demonstration （LBFD）^［13-15］	2022—2025 （计划）	美国NASA、Lockheed Martin、FAA、ICAO	正在研制的X-59 QueSST
Boom Supersonic Overture （SST）/ XB-1声爆飞行试验^［60-61］	2021—2025 （计划）	美国Boom Supersonic	正在研制的Overture SST和其验证机XB-1

Table 1

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Progress of aircraft sonic boom flight test measurement technology: Review

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