航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (9): 533402-533402   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33402

先进飞行器安全控制技术专刊

空中操作机器人运动规划技术研究进展与展望

张智星1, 钟杭1,2,3, 张彩霞4, 梁嘉诚1, 刘兰兰5, 王耀南1()   

  1. 1.湖南大学 人工智能与机器人学院,长沙 410082
    2.湖南大学 粤港澳大湾区创新研究院,广州 511340
    3.江西省通讯终端产业技术研究院有限公司,吉安 343000
    4.湖南大学 电气与信息工程学院,长沙 410082
    5.国网湖南省电力有限公司 超高压输电公司,长沙 410004
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20 修回日期:2026-02-26 接受日期:2026-03-24 出版日期:2026-04-07 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 王耀南 E-mail:yaonan@hnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江西省重点研发计划(20243BBG71017);湖南省重点研发计划(2024JK2057);抚州市揭榜挂帅项目(2023JBA04);装备状态感知与敏捷保障全国重点实验室基金(WDZC20255290508);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515240062);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240033)

Research progress and prospect of motion planning technology for aerial manipulators

Zhixing ZHANG1, Hang ZHONG1,2,3, Caixia ZHANG4, Jiacheng LIANG1, Lanlan LIU5, Yaonan WANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China
    2.Greater Bay Aera Institute for Innovation,Hunan University,Guangzhou 511340,China
    3.Jiangxi Communication Terminal Industry Technology Research Institute Co. ,Ltd. Ji’an 343000,China
    4.College of Electrical and Information Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China
    5.UHV Transmission Company,State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co. ,Ltd. Changsha 410004,China
  • Received:2026-01-20 Revised:2026-02-26 Accepted:2026-03-24 Online:2026-04-07 Published:2026-04-02
  • Contact: Yaonan WANG E-mail:yaonan@hnu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Key RD Program of Jiangxi Province(20243BBG71017);Key RD Program of Hunan Province(2024JK2057);Fuzhou Jiebang Leading Project(2023JBA04);National Key Laboratory for Equipment Status Perception and Agile Support Fund(WDZC20255290508);Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund(2024A1515240062);Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20240033)

摘要:

空中操作机器人通过与环境建立持续或瞬态的物理接触,从传统的信息获取平台拓展为具备主动作业能力的复杂交互系统,从“被动感知”向“主动作业”演进,在桥梁、电网、油气管道等大型能源交通基础设施的复杂交互场景中具有广阔应用前景。与非接触式飞行作业相比,接触式作业包含显著的动力学耦合、接触力限制及多模态运动切换,引入的高维非线性约束限制了运动规划的可行解空间,制约了系统的自主性与稳定性。针对上述挑战,系统综述了空中操作机器人运动规划领域的研究进展。首先,从系统架构出发,分析各类飞行平台构型以及作业机构对可规划空间与作业能力的影响;其次,总结了面向运动规划的系统建模方法,接触动力学建模与各类任务规划约束;在此基础上,围绕接触式作业任务的规划需求,分别介绍了基于采样、基于优化及基于学习的3类主流运动规划算法,分析其发展趋势,并比较其在高维状态搜索、动力学约束处理及实时重规划等方面的适用性与局限性。最后,总结了空中操作机器人面临的挑战并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词: 空中操作机器人, 旋翼飞行机器人, 运动规划, 接触式作业, 系统建模

Abstract:

By establishing continuous or transient physical contact with the environment, aerial manipulators have expanded from traditional information acquisition platforms to complex interactive systems with active operation capabilities, evolving from “passive sensing” to “active operation”. They have broad application prospects in complex interaction scenarios of large-scale energy and transportation infrastructure such as bridges, power grids, and oil and gas pipelines. Compared with non-contact flight operations, contact operations involve significant dynamic coupling, contact force constraints, and multi-modal motion switching. The introduced high-dimensional nonlinear constraints limit the feasible solution space of motion planning and restrict the autonomy and stability of the system. To address these challenges, this paper systematically reviews the research progress in the field of motion planning for aerial manipulators. Firstly, starting from the system architecture, this paper analyzes the influences of various flight platform configurations and operation mechanisms on the plannable space and operation capability. Secondly, it summarizes system modeling methods for motion planning, contact dynamics modeling, and various task planning constraints. On this basis, focusing on the planning requirements of contact operation tasks, three mainstream types of motion planning algorithms, namely sampling-based, optimization-based, and learning-based algorithms, are introduced respectively. Their development trends are analyzed, and their applicability and limitations in high-dimensional state search, dynamic constraint handling, and real-time replanning are compared. Finally, the challenges faced by aerial manipulators are summarized and future development trends are prospected.

Key words: aerial manipulators, multirotor aerial robots, motion planning, contact operation, system modeling

中图分类号: