张智星1, 钟杭1,2,3, 张彩霞4, 梁嘉诚1, 刘兰兰5, 王耀南1(
)
收稿日期:2026-01-20
修回日期:2026-02-26
接受日期:2026-03-24
出版日期:2026-04-07
发布日期:2026-04-02
通讯作者:
王耀南
E-mail:yaonan@hnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Zhixing ZHANG1, Hang ZHONG1,2,3, Caixia ZHANG4, Jiacheng LIANG1, Lanlan LIU5, Yaonan WANG1(
)
Received:2026-01-20
Revised:2026-02-26
Accepted:2026-03-24
Online:2026-04-07
Published:2026-04-02
Contact:
Yaonan WANG
E-mail:yaonan@hnu.edu.cn
Supported by:摘要:
空中操作机器人通过与环境建立持续或瞬态的物理接触,从传统的信息获取平台拓展为具备主动作业能力的复杂交互系统,从“被动感知”向“主动作业”演进,在桥梁、电网、油气管道等大型能源交通基础设施的复杂交互场景中具有广阔应用前景。与非接触式飞行作业相比,接触式作业包含显著的动力学耦合、接触力限制及多模态运动切换,引入的高维非线性约束限制了运动规划的可行解空间,制约了系统的自主性与稳定性。针对上述挑战,系统综述了空中操作机器人运动规划领域的研究进展。首先,从系统架构出发,分析各类飞行平台构型以及作业机构对可规划空间与作业能力的影响;其次,总结了面向运动规划的系统建模方法,接触动力学建模与各类任务规划约束;在此基础上,围绕接触式作业任务的规划需求,分别介绍了基于采样、基于优化及基于学习的3类主流运动规划算法,分析其发展趋势,并比较其在高维状态搜索、动力学约束处理及实时重规划等方面的适用性与局限性。最后,总结了空中操作机器人面临的挑战并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。
中图分类号:
张智星, 钟杭, 张彩霞, 梁嘉诚, 刘兰兰, 王耀南. 空中操作机器人运动规划技术研究进展与展望[J]. 航空学报, 2026, 47(9): 533402.
Zhixing ZHANG, Hang ZHONG, Caixia ZHANG, Jiacheng LIANG, Lanlan LIU, Yaonan WANG. Research progress and prospect of motion planning technology for aerial manipulators[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(9): 533402.
表3
空中操作机器人运动规划技术研究汇总
| 规划方法 | 研究单位 | 系统机构 | 实现任务 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 基于采样 | 西班牙塞维利亚大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+六关节串联机械臂 | 物体抓取 |
| 加拿大西蒙·弗雷泽大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+二关节串联机械臂 | 物体抓取 | |
| 西班牙塞维利亚大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+三关节串联机械臂(双臂) | 物体抓取运输 | |
| 韩国首尔国立大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台(双机)+二关节串联机械臂 | 物体抓取运输 | |
| 美国内华达大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+刚性固连机构 | 曲面滑动接触 | |
| 法国国家科学研究中心[ | 固定倾角多旋翼式平台+二关节串联机械臂 | 滑动接触检测 | |
| 湖南大学[ | 固定倾角多旋翼式平台+单自由度机械臂 | 曲面滑动接触检测 | |
| 基于优化 | 美国宾夕法尼亚大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+多类串联机械臂 | 物体抓取+表面书写 |
| 南开大学[ | 平行轴六旋翼平台+二关节串联机械臂 | 物体抓取 | |
| 北京通用人工智能研究院[ | 复合可变倾角平台+三关节串联机械臂 | 开启柜门、抽屉 | |
| 中国科学院大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+刚性固连机构 | 线缆着陆检测 | |
| 德国斯图加特大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+单自由度串联机械臂 | 动态物体交接 | |
| 中山大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+绳系机构 | 物体吊运 | |
| 美国卡内基梅隆大学[ | 固定倾角六旋翼平台+刚性固连机构 | 表面书写 | |
| 基于学习 | 瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院[ | 可变倾角六旋翼平台+刚性固连机构 | 开启柜门 |
| 荷兰代尔夫特理工大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+二关节机械臂 | 推动物体 | |
| 北京航空航天大学[ | 平行轴六旋翼平台+二关节机械臂 | 目标抓取 | |
| 北京航空航天大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+刚性固连机构/绳系机构 | 目标抓取、绳系牵引 | |
| 上海交通大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+刚性固连机构 | 目标抓取 | |
| 美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+刚性固连机构 | 推动物体 | |
| 美国卡内基梅隆大学[ | 固定倾角六旋翼平台+四关节串联机械臂 | 表面书写+物体抓取放置 | |
| 中山大学[ | 平行轴四旋翼平台+并联机械臂 | 表面书写+物体抓取 |
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