闫林丽1, 葛明玉2(), 庹攸隶2, 周庆勇3,4, 叶文韬2, 郑世界2, 韩大炜2
收稿日期:
2021-10-29
修回日期:
2021-11-22
接受日期:
2022-02-13
出版日期:
2023-02-15
发布日期:
2022-02-17
通讯作者:
葛明玉
E-mail:gemy@ihep.ac.cn
基金资助:
Linli YAN1, Mingyu GE2(), Youli TUO2, Qingyong ZHOU3,4, Wentao YE2, Shijie ZHENG2, Dawei HAN2
Received:
2021-10-29
Revised:
2021-11-22
Accepted:
2022-02-13
Online:
2023-02-15
Published:
2022-02-17
Contact:
Mingyu GE
E-mail:gemy@ihep.ac.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
脉冲星计时特性分析是开展脉冲星导航和脉冲星时研究的基础,为其提供了精确的脉冲星计时模型参数和辐射特征。本文在系统总结脉冲星计时分析方法的基础上,选择了当前导航中应用最广泛的5颗脉冲星,并利用国内外在轨X射线观测卫星的最新观测数据对其分析,包括:“慧眼”硬X射线调制解调望远镜(HXMT)针对Crab脉冲星和PSR B1509-58的观测,中子星内部结构探测器(NICER)针对PSRs J1821-2452A、J1939+2134和J0030+0451的观测。通过对“慧眼”HXMT和NICER在2017-2021年高精度计时观测数据的分析,获得了较长时间段内脉冲星最新状态的自转特性和物理信息,一方面给定了脉冲星最新的、覆盖时间长、自转参数精度较高的X射线星历,证明在X射线波段也可独立给出较高精度的星历;另一方面建立了它们清晰显著的积分脉冲轮廓,其中在选定的能量段范围内3颗毫秒脉冲星的轮廓是当前最精确的,可为脉冲星导航研究提供最新的标准模板。本文仅对脉冲星的X射线数据进行了分析,未来利用国内外多个望远镜,开展多波段联合计时分析,将是脉冲星计时研究的重要方向。
中图分类号:
闫林丽, 葛明玉, 庹攸隶, 周庆勇, 叶文韬, 郑世界, 韩大炜. 5颗导航用X射线脉冲星计时分析[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(3): 526588-526588.
Linli YAN, Mingyu GE, Youli TUO, Qingyong ZHOU, Wentao YE, Shijie ZHENG, Dawei HAN. Timing analysis for five navigation X-ray pulsars[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(3): 526588-526588.
表2
5颗脉冲星的基本参数
名称 | 赤经 | 赤纬 | 自转周期P0/ms | 周期导数P1 | 距离/ kpc | 表面磁场/ G | 自转能损率/ (ergs·s-1) | 特征年龄/a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crab | 05:34:31.940 | +22°:00′:52.200″ | 29.947 | 4.210×10-13 | 2.000 | 3.79×1012 | 4.5×1038 | 1.26×103 |
PSR B1509-58 | 15:13:55.811 | -59°:08′:09.600″ | 151.840 | 1.529×10-12 | 4.400 | 1.54×1013 | 1.7×1037 | 1.57×103 |
PSR J0030+0451 | 00:30:27.428 | +04°:51′:39.711″ | 4.865 | 1.017×10-20 | 0.325 | 2.25×108 | 3.5×1033 | 7.58×109 |
PSR J1821-2452A | 18:24:32.008 | -24°:52′:10.834″ | 3.054 | 1.619×10-18 | 5.500 | 2.25×109 | 2.2×1036 | 2.99×107 |
PSR J1939+2134 | 19:39:38.561 | +21°:34′:59.126″ | 1.558 | 1.051×10-19 | 3.500 | 4.09×108 | 1.1×1036 | 2.35×108 |
表3
5颗脉冲星的观测信息
名称 | 观测器 | 观测时间范围 | 观测次数 | 曝光时间/(103s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crab | HXMT | 2017-08-27—2021-01-14 | 340 | 604(HE) 769(ME) |
PSR B1509-58 | HXMT | 2017-07-06—2018-09-13 | 48 | 94(HE) 145(ME) |
PSR B1509-58 | NICER | 2017-06-29—2017-08-11 | 13 | 16 |
PSR J0030+0451 | NICER | 2017-07-24—2020-12-31 | 495 | 3 152 |
PSR J1821-2452A | NICER | 2017-06-25—2020-12-31 | 358 | 989 |
PSR J1939+2134 | NICER | 2017-06-24—2020-12-31 | 500 | 1 786 |
表4
4颗脉冲星的归一化积分轮廓拟合曲线对应的参数
名称 | 探测器 | a1 | b1 | c1 | a2 | b2 | c2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PSR B1508-58 | ME | 0.683 0±0.077 0 | 1.049 0±0.008 0 | 0.154 0±0.017 0 | 0.276 0±0.074 0 | 1.192 0±0.066 0 | 0.474 0±0.100 0 |
HE | 0.325 0±0.053 0 | 0.992 0±0.007 0 | 0.059 0±0.012 0 | 0.832 0±0.037 0 | 1.089 0±0.007 0 | 0.202 0±0.007 0 | |
PSR J0030+0451 | XTI | 0.963 0±0.008 0 | 0.834 0±0.001 0 | 0.161 0±0.002 0 | 0.699 0±0.008 0 | 0.368 0±0.001 0 | 0.149 0±0.002 0 |
PSR J1821-2452A | XTI | 0.012 6±0.000 4 | 0.019 3±0.000 8 | 0.189 6±0.000 5 | 0.010 6±0.000 2 | 0.010 5±0.000 2 | 0.640 1±0.000 2 |
PSR J1939+2134 | XTI | 0.010 1±0.000 1 | 0.009 7±0.000 2 | 0.496 9±0.000 1 | 0.004 1±0.000 5 | 0.011 1±0.001 6 | 1.025 5±0.001 1 |
图8
4颗脉冲星的星历
PSRJ | PSR J1513-5908 | PSR J0030+0451 | PSR J1824-2452A | PSR J1939+2134 |
---|---|---|---|---|
RAJ | 15:13:55.640 | 00:30:27.427 81 | 18:24:32.007 88 | 19:39:38.561 224 |
DECJ | -59:08:09.40 | +04:51:39.711 3 | -24:52:10.834 | +21:34:59.125 70 |
F0 | 6.580 972 327 6(15) | 205.530 698 996 69(9) | 327.405 535 584 311(36) | 641.928 221 439 143(28) |
F1 | -6.607 118(89)×10-11 | -4.093(18)×10-16 | -1.735 284 8(74)×10-13 | -4.330 612(59)×10-14 |
F2 | 1.847(26)×10-21 | -3.73(25)×10-24 | -1.05(10)×10-24 | 1.59(75)×10-25 |
PEPOCH | 58 150 | 58 500 | 58 500 | 58 500 |
POSEPOCH | 50 678 | 55 390 | 54 500 | 55 000 |
START | 57 933 | 57 959 | 57 933 | 57 933 |
FINISH | 58 375 | 59 185 | 59 133 | 59 171 |
UNITS | TDB | TDB | TDB | TDB |
EPHEM | DE405 | DE405 | DE405 | DE405 |
NTOA | 103 | 109 | 108 | 145 |
RMS(μs) | 3 701.265 | 35.676 | 10.923 | 5.523 |
0.834(1) | 0.640 1(2) | 0.496 9(2) |
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