航空学报 > 2023, Vol. 44 Issue (3): 526596-526596   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.26596

基于仿脉冲星X射线信标的航天器定位方法

印俊秋1, 刘云鹏1,2, 汤晓斌1,2()   

  1. 1.南京航空航天大学 核科学与技术系,南京  210016
    2.空间核技术应用与辐射防护工业和信息化部重点实验室,南京  210016
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-02 修回日期:2021-11-22 接受日期:2022-03-28 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2022-04-06
  • 通讯作者: 汤晓斌 E-mail:tangxiaobin@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    南京航空航天大学研究生创新基金(xcxjh20210617)

Spacecraft positioning method based on pulsar-like X-ray beacon

Junqiu YIN1, Yunpeng LIU1,2, Xiaobin TANG1,2()   

  1. 1.Department of Nuclear Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing  210016,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Application and Radiation Protection in Astronautics,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Nanjing  210016,China
  • Received:2021-11-02 Revised:2021-11-22 Accepted:2022-03-28 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2022-04-06
  • Contact: Xiaobin TANG E-mail:tangxiaobin@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Foundation of the Graduate Innovation Center, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(xcxjh20210617)

摘要:

受X射线脉冲星导航技术的启发,提出了一种基于仿脉冲星X射线信标的航天器定位新方法,即利用人造信标模仿脉冲星发送高稳定性高信噪比X射线脉冲信号为航天器提供定位服务。首先介绍了仿脉冲星X射线信标基于三球交汇的定位原理,在分析X射线信标信号覆盖范围与天体引力摄动的影响的基础上,提出了在太阳系行星轨道中的拉格朗日点布置X射线信标的方案。其次,分析论证了人造辐射源的可行性,并基于优选脉冲星准则并结合实际脉冲星特征对辐射源参数进行初步优化。然后针对将来可能的地火转移任务需要,结合航天器动力学模型构建了基于X射线信标的观测方程,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波方法,研究了X射线信标几何分布、观测误差、信标数量、钟差及轨道误差对于航天器位置确定精度的影响。仿真结果表明,在同时观测3颗信标、TOA(Time of Arrival)测量精度为50 ns的条件下,该方法的航天器位置估计精度可达152 m,并且大部分信标组合都能将定位误差控制在1 km内。增加观测信标数量对定位精度较低信标组合的提升显著,但由于太阳系各行星间轨道倾角较小,地火转移轨道航天器同时观测5颗信标时定位误差仍在百米量级。根据深空探测领域航天器的实际需求,X射线信标定位方法有望成为航天器深空探测时导航定位的重要补充。

关键词: X射线脉冲星导航, X射线信标, 拉格朗日点, 扩展卡尔曼滤波, 地火转移轨道

Abstract:

Inspired by the X-ray pulsar navigation technology, this study proposes a spacecraft positioning method based on pulsar-like X-ray beacons, which means that artificial beacons are used to imitate pulsars to send high stability and high signal-to-noise ratio X-ray signals, so as to provide positioning services for target spacecraft. Firstly, the positioning principle of the X-ray beacon based on the intersection of three spheres is introduced. On the basis of analyzing the influence of the signal coverage of the X-ray beacon and the gravitational perturbation of the celestial body, the scheme of arranging the X-ray beacon at the Lagrangian point in the orbit of the planets in the solar system is proposed. Secondly, the feasibility of artificial radiation sources is analyzed and demonstrated, and the parameters of radiation sources are preliminarily optimized based on the criteria of preferred pulsars and actual pulsar characteristics. Then, in view of the needs of Earth-Mars transfer trajectory in the future, an observation equation based on the X-ray beacon is constructed based on the spacecraft dynamics model, and the navigation filtering algorithm uses the extended Kalman filter method to study the influence of X-ray beacon geometry distribution, observation error, number of beacons, clock difference and orbital error on position determination accuracy. Simulation results show that under the condition of observing three beacons at the same time and the TOA measurement accuracy is 50 ns, the proposed method can achieve an optimal estimation accuracy of spacecraft position of 152 m, and most beacon combinations can control the positioning error within 1 km. Increasing the number of observation beacons has significantly improved the combination of beacons with lower positioning accuracy. However, due to the small inclination of the orbits between the planets in the solar system, the positioning error of the geothermal transfer orbiting spacecraft is still in the order of 100 m in simultaneous observation of 5 beacons. According to the actual needs of spacecraft in the field of deep space exploration, the positioning method proposed is expected to become an important supplement to the navigation positioning of spacecraft in deep space exploration.

Key words: X-ray pulsar navigation, X-ray beacon, Lagrange point, extended Kalman filtering, Earth-Mars transfer trajectory

中图分类号: