Fig.1

Servo-motor-pump evolution

Fig.2

Evolution from all-hydraulic to electrically powered servo actuation［13］

Fig.3

Electro hydrostatic module schematic［18］

Fig.4

EHA and valve-controlled actuators

Fig.5

Four quadrant operation modes of servo-motor-pumps

Fig.6

The main structure and components of servo-motor-pumps

Fig.7

Comparison of performance specifications of servo-motor-pumps and servo-valves

Fig.8

Application of servo-motor-pump in aerospace

Fig.9

Domestic servo-motor-pump products

Fig.10

Servo-motor-pumps in robotic actuators

Table 1

Comparison of different hydraulic pump characteristics in the field of robotics［17］

Fig.11

Various types of servo-motor-pumps in medical robots［17］

Fig.12

Application of motor-pump in marine field

Fig.13

Large on-board power units［5］

Fig.14

Application of motor-pump in land machinery

Table 2

Comparison of motor-pumps in typical fields

Fig.15

Relationship between the economic benefits obtained per 1 kg reduction in aircraft weight and the flight speed［64］

Table 3

Rated parameters of rudder system FRYDEMBO HS180X2S［5］

Fig.16

Performance priority in various fields （priority rated from ① to ⑤； the smaller， the higher）

Fig.17

Axial integrated designs of servo-motor-pump

Fig.18

Coaxial integrated motor pump design cases

Fig.19

Integrated motor drive （IMD）［103］

Fig.20

Multiphysics coupling models for piston pairs［105］

Fig.21

A TEHD model of cylinder block/valve plate［22］

Fig.22

Experimental research on strengthening coatings of cylinder block/valve plate interface［111］

Fig.23

Thermal characterization studies under co-shell conditions［19］

Table 4

Factors that may affect thermal characteristics of integrated motor pumps

Fig.24

Strategy of Ivantysyn team to arrange thermocouples on valve plate［126］

Fig.25

Summary of technical challenges in servo-motor-pumps