低空复杂风场下旋翼气动干扰特性风洞试验

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32054

Abstract

Abstract:

The low-altitude environment for rotorcraft is characterized by complex wind fields resulting from the combined effects of terrain and wind conditions. This study investigates the aerodynamic interference mechanisms of three typical low-altitude wind fields on a rotor system， generated in a wind tunnel， including obstacle wake， spatial constraints， and random turbulence. Unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the rotor were measured using a six-component force balance. The influence of varying wind conditions and interference locations on rotor aerodynamic characteristics was assessed through time-frequency analysis. Furthermore， a disturbance wind field simulation method based on Detached Eddy Simulation （DES） is proposed. Numerical simulation results were then used to analyze the characteristics of the rotor-environment coupled flow field in various scenarios. The results reveal that rotor wake recirculation induced by spatial constraints decreases rotor thrust， and the reduction is exacerbated by increased confinement. The large-scale periodic vortex shedding within the obstacle wake region results in low-frequency aerodynamic perturbations. Increasing the rotor height above ground and the horizontal distance from the obstacle increases high-frequency fluctuations within the flow field， leading to a migration of the rotor thrust power spectrum peak towards higher frequencies. Random turbulence exhibits energy concentration in the high-frequency band， exhibiting a comparatively small effect on the low-frequency sensitive region associated with pilot workload. This research reveals the inherent relationship between energy distribution and rotor aerodynamic response characteristics in various scenarios， providing the theoretical basis for the design of turbulence suppression in rotorcraft.

Key words: wind tunnel test, rotor, aerodynamic interference, low-altitude wind field, atmospheric turbulence

CLC Number:

V211.52

Yang LIU, Yongjie SHI, Guohua XU. Wind tunnel test of rotor aerodynamic interference characteristics in complex low-altitude wind fields[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(1): 632054.

Figures/Tables 21

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Fig.2

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Fig.4

Table 3

Comparison of measured and calculated CT/CT,OGE in interference conditions

状态	坐标（L，H） m	$C T / C T, O G E$
状态	坐标（L，H） m	计算值	试验值	误差/%
1	0.8，0.4	0.841	0.853	1.407
1	0.8，0.6	0.864	0.901	4.107
2	0，0.4	0.737	0.783	5.875
2	0，0.6	0.779	0.780	0.128
3	0，0.6	1.158	1.157	0.086
3	0，0.8	1.166	1.178	1.019

Table 3

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Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

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Table 4

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Fig.17

References 27

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外形参数	数值
旋翼翼型	NACA63A312
桨叶片数	4
旋转方向	俯视逆时针
桨毂半径/m	0.135
桨叶弦长/m	0.063
桨叶半径/m	0.411
桨叶扭转	9°线性负扭

状态	干扰物	风洞入口风速	试验点
1	平面扰流板	V=0，10 m/s	L=0.8 m； H=0.4，0.6，0.8，1 m
1	平面扰流板	V=0，10 m/s	H=0.6 m； L=0.6，0.8，1，1.2 m
2	围合式障碍	V=0，10 m/s	L=0 m； H=0.4，0.5，0.6，0.7，0.8 m
3	尖劈、粗糙元	V=0，10 m/s	L=0 m； H=0.4，0.6，0.8，1 m

参数	风向	H=0.4 m	H=0.6 m	H=0.8 m
湍流强度	水平方向	0.063 3	0.056 7	0.049 2
	侧向	0.758 9	0.687 9	0.461 8
	竖向	0.602 9	0.667 4	0.667 3
积分尺度/m	水平方向	1.049 3	1.452 9	1.549 4
	侧向	0.011 5	0.058 8	0.058 5
	竖向	0.068 8	0.052 2	0.039 1

Wind tunnel test of rotor aerodynamic interference characteristics in complex low-altitude wind fields

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