收稿日期:2025-06-24
修回日期:2025-08-01
接受日期:2025-08-21
出版日期:2025-09-08
发布日期:2025-09-08
通讯作者:
董维中
E-mail:dongwz1966@163.com
基金资助:
Qingzong LIU, Mingsong DING, Weizhong DONG(
), Wenhui KONG, Tao JIANG
Received:2025-06-24
Revised:2025-08-01
Accepted:2025-08-21
Online:2025-09-08
Published:2025-09-08
Contact:
Weizhong DONG
E-mail:dongwz1966@163.com
Supported by:摘要:
正确认识和评估高速飞行器质量引射条件下的气动热环境,是发展相应热防护技术的前提之一。针对质量引射条件下气动热预测问题,首先建立了高温非平衡流动中质量引射效应计算方法,并进行考核验证,然后理论推导了考虑催化、烧蚀、热解和主动引射等复杂壁面效应的热流修正表征方式,并采用钝楔外形开展了新表征方式和降热机理研究。结果表明:将飞行器机体结构最终感受到的热流作为壁面热流评估标准,既符合传统壁面热流表征公式,也能合理评估考虑复杂壁面效应时的热流;传统热流表征方式在评价质量引射降热效果时,会高估壁面热流,降低降热效果,需要进行修正;质量引射条件下的修正热流表征公式中包含温度传导热流、壁面反应吸/放热和引射介质生成焓,在非烧蚀、无引射条件下可退化为传统热流表征方式;非催化、无烧蚀的主动引射壁面热流中仅包含传导热流,故引射效应显著降低壁面法向温度梯度后,能够起到降热效果;考虑引射水蒸气生成焓后,引射效应的降热效率进一步增加,但占主导因素的仍是传导热流降低量。
中图分类号:
刘庆宗, 丁明松, 董维中, 孔文慧, 江涛. 高速飞行器质量引射条件下气动热数值计算[J]. 航空学报, 2026, 47(5): 132462.
Qingzong LIU, Mingsong DING, Weizhong DONG, Wenhui KONG, Tao JIANG. Numerical computation on aerothermal environment with mass injection for high-speed aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(5): 132462.
表1
化学反应模型
| 序号 | 反应模型 | 序号 | 反应模型 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | N2+M=N+N+M | 16 | CO+C=C2+O |
| 2 | O2+M=O+O+M | 17 | C+N2=CN+N |
| 3 | NO+M=N+O+M | 18 | CN+C=C2+N |
| 4 | CO2+M=CO+O+M | 19 | CO+N=CN+O |
| 5 | C2+M=C+C+M | 20 | CO+N=C+NO |
| 6 | CO+M=C+O+M | 21 | CO+CO=CO2+C |
| 7 | CN+M=C+N+M | 22 | CO+CO=C2+O2 |
| 8 | H2O+M=H+OH+M | 23 | NO+CO=CO2+N |
| 9 | H2+M=H+H+M | 24 | N2+O2=NO+NO |
| 10 | OH+M=O+H+M | 25 | CO+OH=CO2+H |
| 11 | NO+O=N+O2 | 26 | H2+OH=H2O+H |
| 12 | N2+O=NO+N | 27 | H+O2=OH+O |
| 13 | CO+O=O2+C | 28 | H2+O=OH+H |
| 14 | CN+O=NO+C | 29 | OH+OH=H2O+O |
| 15 | CO2+O=O2+CO |
表2
物理化学数据
| 物质 | Mi / (g·mol-1) | θV,m /K | gi,m | g0,i | g1,i | θei /K | ∆h |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N2 | 28 | 3 395 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 72 250 | 0 |
| O2 | 32 | 2 239 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 11 390 | 0 |
| NO | 30 | 2 817 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 55 850 | 0.913 |
| CO2 | 44 | 1 903 945 3 329 | 1 2 1 | 1 1 1 | 2 2 2 | 66 200 66 200 66 200 | -3.94 -3.94 -3.94 |
| C2 | 24 | 2 362 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 27 800 | 8.30 |
| CO | 28 | 3 074 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 70 060 | -1.11 |
| CN | 26 | 2 976 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 13 300 | 4.39 |
| H2O | 18 | 2 295 5 264 5 404 | 1 1 1 | 2 2 2 | 2 2 2 | 77 420 77 420 77 420 | -2.42 -2.42 -2.42 |
| H2 | 2 | 6 326 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 131 940 | 0 |
| OH | 17 | 5 375 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 47 030 | 0.373 |
| C | 12 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 14 670 | 7.17 |
| H | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 118 370 | 2.18 |
| N | 14 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 27 670 | 4.73 |
| O | 16 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 22 850 | 2.49 |
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