航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (16): 331621-331621   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31621

面向城市低空物流配送的无人机实时航迹双层规划

陈丹1(), 汤程1, 谢宇1, 马园园2, 徐天枢1   

  1. 1.南京工程学院 交通工程学院,南京 211167
    2.中国电子科技集团公司 第二十八研究所 空中交通管理系统全国重点实验室,南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-06 修回日期:2024-12-26 接受日期:2025-03-28 出版日期:2025-04-17 发布日期:2025-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 陈丹 E-mail:chendan@njit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省自然科学基金(BK20241967);国家自然科学基金(U2233204);国家自然科学基金(61903185);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目

Real time dual layer path planning of unmanned aerial vehicles for urban low altitude logistics distribution

Dan CHEN1(), Cheng TANG1, Yu XIE1, Yuanyuan MA2, Tianshu XU1   

  1. 1.School of Traffic Engineering,Nanjing Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211167,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Management System,28th Research Institute,China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Nanjing 210014,China
  • Received:2024-12-06 Revised:2024-12-26 Accepted:2025-03-28 Online:2025-04-17 Published:2025-04-17
  • Contact: Dan CHEN E-mail:chendan@njit.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241967);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2233204);Qing Lan Project of Higher Learning Institations in Jiangsu Province

摘要:

为提高物流无人机在城市低空复杂环境下的安全性和公众接受度,提出一种面向城市低空物流配送的无人机实时航迹双层规划方法。首先,采用栅格法和数字高程模型对空域环境进行表征,建立基于第三方社会风险的城市低空环境风险感知模型;其次,提出低空物流无人机实时航迹双层规划模型,针对预战术阶段的单架无人机,上层模型以最小化第三方社会风险成本和航行时间成本为目标,采用改进的A*算法规划出最优期望航迹;最后,针对战术阶段无人机群协同运行,下层模型考虑多无人机之间的冲突问题,设计了基于偏航、悬停的差异化冲突解脱策略,以与最优期望航迹成本偏差最小为目标,建立无人机实时航迹优化模型。实验表明,上层模型相较于考虑航行时间的航迹规划(TPFD)能够降低15.12%的运行风险,相较于考虑风险成本的航迹规划(TPRC)能够减少10.61%的航行时间;下层模型能有效生成运行风险低、航行时间短、无冲突的四维航迹,针对50架物流无人机和100架非合作无人机的无人机群协同运行,在10 min仿真时段内,解脱冲突60次,飞行冲突解脱率100%,由此导致的额外风险、飞行时间、飞行距离、飞越栅格数均能控制在3%以下。

关键词: 航空运输, 航迹规划, 改进A*算法, 物流无人机, 冲突解脱

Abstract:

To improve the safety and public acceptance of logistics drones in complex urban low altitude environments, a real-time dual layer path planning method for urban low-altitude logistics distribution drones is proposed. Firstly, the spatial environment is characterized using grid method and digital elevation model, and a risk perception model for urban low altitude environment based on third-party social risks is established. Secondly, a real-time dual layer path planning model for low altitude logistics drones is proposed. For a single drone in the pre tactical stage, the upper layer model aims to minimize third-party social risk costs and navigation time costs, and an improved A* algorithm is used to plan the optimal expected trajectory. For the coordinated operation of unmanned aerial vehicles in the tactical stage, the lower-level model considers the conflict problem between multiple unmanned aerial vehicles and designs a differentiated conflict resolution strategy based on yaw and hover. With the goal of minimizing the deviation from the optimal expected trajectory cost, a real-time path optimization model for unmanned aerial vehicles is established. Experiments have shown that the upper-level model can reduce operational risk by 15.12% compared to Trajectory Planning considering the Flight Duration(TPFD), and by 10.61% compared to Trajectory Planning considering the Risk Cost(TPRC). The lower-level model can effectively generate four-dimensional trajectories with low operational risk, short navigation time, and no conflicts. For a fleet of 50 logistics drones and 100 non-cooperative drones operating in coordination, conflicts can be resolved 60 times within a 10 minutes simulation period, with a flight conflict resolution rate of 100%. The additional risks, flight time, flight distance, and number of grid crossings caused by this can be controlled below 3%.

Key words: air transportation, path planning, improved A* algorithm, logistics drones, conflict resolution

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