航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (21): 532424-532424   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32424

中国飞机强度研究所建所 60 周年专刊

飞机结构抗冰雹冲击特性研究进展与展望

白春玉1,2,3(), 赵子豪2, 刘小川1,2, 张宇1,2, 郭亚周1,2   

  1. 1.中国飞机强度研究所 强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,西安 710065
    2.中国飞机强度研究所 结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室,西安 710065
    3.西安交通大学 航天航空学院 机械结构强度与振动国家重点实验室,西安 710049
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-16 修回日期:2025-07-13 接受日期:2025-09-01 出版日期:2025-09-19 发布日期:2025-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 白春玉 E-mail:baichunyu2006@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家级项目

Research progress and prospects in hail impact resistance of aircraft structures

Chunyu BAI1,2,3(), Zihao ZHAO2, Xiaochuan LIU1,2, Yu ZHANG1,2, Yazhou GUO1,2   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China
    2.Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China
    3.State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures,School of Aerospace,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China
  • Received:2025-06-16 Revised:2025-07-13 Accepted:2025-09-01 Online:2025-09-19 Published:2025-09-10
  • Contact: Chunyu BAI E-mail:baichunyu2006@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National- Level Project

摘要:

在极端天气条件下,冰雹冲击飞机雷达罩、机翼等部位易造成结构损伤甚至失效,危及航空运营安全,是飞机结构设计不可忽视的焦点问题。分析了冰雹冲击飞机结构的相关规章条款要求,对比研究了冰雹冲击相较鸟撞等外来物冲击飞机结构的异同,并从冰雹的形成机理及动态本构表征、实验室环境下冰雹冲击结构试验、冰雹冲击数值仿真及损伤评价等方面出发,阐释了冰雹冲击航空结构的技术研究概况及典型进展,最后,对航空结构抗冰雹冲击技术的发展进行了展望。

关键词: 飞机结构, 冰雹, 冲击, 损伤评价, 本构关系

Abstract:

Hail impact under extreme weather conditions poses a significant threat to aircraft structural integrity, often leading to damage or failure in aircraft components such as radomes, wings, and so on. Such events jeopardize aviation safety, making it a critical issue in aircraft structural design that cannot be overlooked. This paper summarizes relevant regulatory requirements pertaining to hail impact on aircraft structures and clarifies the distinctions between hail impact and other foreign object impacts, such as bird strike. The study further elaborates on the current state of technical research and notable advancements in understanding hail impact, covering aspects including the formation mechanisms of hailstones, dynamic constitutive characterization of materials, experimental testing methodologies, numerical simulation approaches, and damage assessment techniques. Finally, the paper offers perspectives on future developments in enhancing aircraft structural resistance to hail impact.

Key words: aircraft structure, hail, impact, damage evaluation, constitute model

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