Fig.1

Framework of far-field sonic boom signal propagation in code “BoomProp”

Fig.2

Definitions of coordinate system and roll angle of sonic-boom propagation in code “BoomProp”

Fig.3

Geometric schematic of Seeb-ALR and unstructured mesh provided by SBPW-1

Fig.4

Results obtained using SU2 solver to compute near-field of Seeb-ALR geometry （Ma=1.6， α=0°， Euler）

Fig.5

Comparison between near-field sonic boom signals obtained from solving Euler equations using SU2 solver and experimental values as well as results provided by SBPW-1

Fig.6

Locations of near-field pressure extraction for low-boom configuration C25D

Fig.7

Near-field pressure signals at different azimuthal angles around configuration C25D

Fig.8

Comparison between computed ground-level sonic boom waveform and PL sound pressure level in case of C25DF

Fig.9

Diagrams of hypervolume and hypervolume improvement for a two-dimensional objective function

Fig.10

Framework of a high-efficiency and high-reliability sonic boom/aerodynamic multidisciplinary optimization platform

Fig.11

Aerodynamic layout of baseline configuration LBLDSST

Fig.12

Parameterization model for wing layout of baseline configuration

Table 1

Design variable space

Fig.13

Edge of symmetry plane of aft fuselage and wing root mounting position simulated in design variable space using Monte Carlo method

Fig.14

Surface mesh of aircraft body and volume mesh for sonic boom/aerodynamic computation

Fig.15

Distribution of sample points for sonic boom/aerodynamics multidisciplinary optimization

Table 2

Performance parameters for baseline and optimized configurations

Table 3

Adjusted determination coefficients of sonic boom intensity， drag coefficient and lift coefficient of surrogate model

Fig.16

Real values and predicted values of performance parameters of sample points in test set

Fig.17

Feasible Pareto front of Kriging-NSGA-Ⅱ and selected performance verification sample points

Table 4

Predicted values， real values and errors of sonic boom intensity of Kriging-NSGA-Ⅱ performance verification sample points

Table 5

Predicted values， real values and errors of drag coefficient of Kriging-NSGA-Ⅱ performance verification sample points

Table 6

Predicted values， real values and errors of lift coefficient of Kriging-NSGA-Ⅱ performance verification sample points

Fig.18

Distribution of real values of Kriging-NSGA-Ⅱ performance verification sample points in optimized sample points obtained by CEHVIM-EGMO