可应用于民机空气动力设计中的数值优化方法

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0249

Abstract

Abstract:

Now one of the most important factors of a successful civil aircraft design is applying computational fluid dynamic (CFD) numerical methods and software, especially the design tools, to the design. In the present paper, historic development and application of the inverse design concept and numerical optimization methods based on low and high fidelity models are described briefly. The International Aerodynamic Optimization Design Computation Workshop, which will be held soon, is introduced. Optimization methods of design based on the Navier-Stokes solver are discussed in detail, including the requirements to them and their construction issues. Numerical examples of OPTIMAS applying to a wing-body fairing shape design and a blended wing body (BWB) shape design have shown the efficiency of OPTIMAS for use as a daily design tool for civil transport design.

Key words: civil aircraft, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), inverse design, wing body, numerical optimization

CLC Number:

Sergey PEIGIN, ZHU Ziqiang, Boris EPSTEIN. Applicable Numerical Optimization Methods for Aerodynamic Design of Civil Aircraft[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2014, 35(1): 58-69.

References

[1] Sloff J W. A survey of computational methods for subsonic and transonic design[C]//Proceedings of the First International Conference on Inverse Design Concepts and Optimization in Engineering Sciences (ICIDES I), 1984: 1-68.

[2] Sobieczky H. The new concept of high-speed aircraft design[M]. Qian Y J translated. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2001. (in Chinese) 索别斯基. 高速运输机设计的新概念[M]. 钱翼稷译. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2001.

[3] Dulikravich G S. Aerodynamic shape design and optimization: status and trends[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1992, 29(6): 1020-1026.

[4] Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Inverse Design Concepts and Optimization in Engineering Sciences (ICIDES Ⅲ)[C]//Dulikravich G S ed. Washington: 1991.

[5] AGARD. Computational methods for aerodynamic design(inverse) and optimization, AGARD CP-463[R]. 1969.

[6] Lighthill M J. A new method of two dimensional aerodynamic design, ARC RM 2112[R]. 1945.

[7] Hicks R M, Murman E M, Vanderplaats G N. An assessment of airfoil design by numerical optimization, NASA-TMX-3092[R]. 1974.

[8] Hicks R M, Henne P A. Wing design by numerical optimization[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1978, 15(7): 407-412.

[9] Henne P A. An inverse transonic wing design method, AIAA-1980-0330[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1980.

[10] Campbell R A, Smith L A. A hybrid algorithm for transonic airfoil and wing design, AIAA-1987-2552[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1987.

[11] Yu N J, Campbell R A. Transonic airfoil and wing design using Navier-Stokes codes, AIAA-1992-2651[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1992.

[12] Johnson F T, Tinoco E N, Yu N J. Thirty years of development and application of CFD at Boeing commercial airplanes, AIAA-2003-3439[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2003.

[13] Zhu Z Q, Chen Y C, Wang X L, et al. The aerodynamic design of the modern airplane[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2011.(in Chinese) 朱自强, 陈迎春, 王晓璐, 等. 现代飞机的空气动力设计[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2011.

[14] Goldhammer M I, Steinle F M. Design and validation of advanced transonic wind using CFD and very high Reynolds number wind tunnel testing[C]//ICAS Congress, 1990: 1028-1042.

[15] Campbell R L. An approach to constrained aerodynamic design with application to airfoils[R]. NASA TP-3260, 1992.

[16] Smith M F. User-friendly CFD: application to TRANAIR for analysis of transport aircraft, AIAA-1998-5574[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1998.

[17] Huffman W P, Melvin R G, Young D P, et al. Practical design and optimization in computational fluid dynamics, AIAA-1993-3111[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1993.

[18] Smith M F. TRANAIR packaging for ease-of-use in wing design, AIAA-1998-5575[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1998.

[19] Jou W F, Huffman W P, Young D P, et al. Practical considerations in aerodynamic design optimization, AIAA-1995-1730[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1995.

[20] Melvin R G, Huffman W P, Young D P, et al. Recent progress in aerodynamic design optimization[J]. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Fluids, 1999, 30(2): 205-216.

[21] Pironneau O. Optimal shape design for elliptic systems[M]. New York: Springer Verlag, 1984.

[22] Mohammadi B, Pironneau O. Applied shape optimization for fluids[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

[23] Jameson A. Aerodynamic design via control theory[J]. Journal of Scientific Computing, 1988, 3(3): 233-260.

[24] Jameson A. Computational aerodynamics aircraft design[J]. Science, 1989, 245(4916): 361-371.

[25] Jameson A. Optimum aerodynamic design via boundary control[C]//AGARD VKI Lecture Series, Optimum Design Methods in Aerodynamics, 1994.

[26] Jameson A, Alonso J J. Automatic aerodynamic optimization on distributed memory architectures, AIAA-1996-0409[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1996.

[27] Reuther J, Alonso J J, Vassberg J C, et al. An efficient multiblock method for aerodynamic analysis and design on distributed memory systems, AIAA-1997-1893[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1997.

[28] Jameson A, Pierce N A, Martinelli L. Optimum aerodynamic design using the Navier-Stokes equations, AIAA-1997-0101[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1997.

[29] Martins L. A coupled-adjoint method for high-fidelity aero-structural optimization. Stanford: Stanford University, 2002.

[30] Jameson A, Leoviriyakit K, Shankaran S. Multipoint aero-structural optimization of wings including planform variables, AIAA-2007-0764[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2007.

[31] Jameson A, Vassberg J C. Computational fluid dynamics for aerodynamic design: its current and future impact, AIAA-2001-0538[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2001.

[32] Baysal O, Eleshaky M E. Aerodynamic design optimization using sensitivity analysis and computational fluid dynamics[J]. AIAA Journal, 1992, 30(3): 718-725.

[33] Ta'asan S, Kuruvila G, Salas M D. Aerodynamic design and optimization in one shot, AIAA-1992-0025[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1992.

[34] Shankaran S, Jameson A, Martinelli L. Continuous adjoint method for unstructured grid[J]. AIAA Journal, 2008, 46(5): 226-239.

[35] Desai M, Ito K. Optimal controls for Navier-Stokes equation[J]. SIAM Journal of Control Optimum, 1994, 32(5): 1428-1446.

[36] Elliot J, Peraire J. 3-D aerodynamic optimization on unstructured meshes with viscous effects, AIAA-1997-1849[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1997.

[37] Powell M J D. An efficient method for finding the minimum of a function of several variables without calculating derivatives[J]. Computer Journal, 1964, 7(2): 155-162.

[38] Nelder J A, Mead R. A simplex method for function minimization[J]. Computer Journal, 1965, 7(4): 308-313.

[39] Sturdza P. Extensive supersonic natural laminar flow on the Aerion business jet, AIAA-2007-0685[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2007.

[40] Aly S, Ogot M, Petz R. Stochastic approach to optimal aerodynamic shape design[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1996, 33(5): 956-961.

[41] Holland J H. Adaption in natural and artificial systems[M]. Michigan: The University Michigan Press, 1975.

[42] Goldberg D E. Genetic algorithm in search, optimization and machine learning[M]. New Jersey: Addison-Wesley, 1989.

[43] Michalewicz Z. Genetic algorithm + data structure = evolution programs[M]. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1992.

[44] Liu Y, Kang L S, Chen Y P. The numerical parallel algorithm (genetic algorithm)[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1995.(in Chinese) 刘勇, 康立山, 陈毓屏. 非数值并行算法(遗传算法)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1995.

[45] Chen G L, Wang X F, Zhuang Z Q. Genetic algorithm and application[M]. Beijing: Posts and Telecom Press, 2001.(in Chinese) 陈国良, 王煦法, 庄镇泉. 遗传算法及其应用[M]. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2001.

[46] Vicini A, Quaglarella D. Inverse and direct airfoil design using a multiobjective genetic algorithm[J]. AIAA Journal, 1997, 35(9): 1499-1505.

[47] Obayashi S, Yamaguchi Y, Nakamura T. Multiobjective genetic algorithm for multidisciplinary design of transonic wing planform[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1997, 34(5): 690-693.

[48] Grignon P M, Woodziak J R, Fadel G M. Bi-objective optimization of components packing using a genetic algorithm, AIAA-1996-4022. Reston: AIAA, 1996.

[49] Doorly D J, Peiro J, Desterle P. Optimization of aerodynamic and coupled aerodynamic-structured design using parallel genetic algorithm, AIAA-1996-4027[R]. Reston: AIAA, 1996.

[50] Takenaka K, Obayashi S, Nakahaski K, et al. The application of MDO technologies to the design of a high performance small jet aircraft-lesson learned and some practical concerns, AIAA-2005-0497[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2005.

[51] Sasaki D, Obayashi S, Nakahaski K. Navier-Stokes optimization of supersonic wings with four objectives using evolutionary algorithm[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2002, 39(4): 621-629.

[52] Takenka K, Hatanaka K, Yamazaki W, et al. Multidisciplinary design exploration for a winglet[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2008, 45(5): 1601-1611.

[53] Peigin S, Epstein B. Robust handling of non-linear constraints for GA optimization of aerodynamic shapes[J]. International Journal of Numerical Methods in Fluids, 2004, 45(11): 1339-1362.

[54] Epstein B, Peigin S. Robust hybrid approach to multiobjective constrainted optimization in aerodynamics[J]. AIAA Journal, 2004, 42(8): 1572-1581.

[55] Epstein B, Peigin S. Constrainted aerodynamic optimization of 3D wings driven by Navier-Strokes computations[J]. AIAA Journal, 2005, 43(9): 1946-1957.

[56] Peigin S, Epstein B. Robust drag minimization of aerodynamic wings in engineering environment[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2006, 43(4): 1195-1204.

[57] Peigin S, Epstein B. Embedded parallelization approach for optimization in aerodynamic design[J]. The Journal of Supercomputin, 2004, 29(3): 243-263.

[58] Epstein B, Peigin S. Optimization of 3D wings based on Navier-Strokes solutions and genetic algorithms[J]. The International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2006, 20(2): 75-92.

[59] Proceedings of the first AIAA CFD drag prediction workshop[EB/OL].[2013-02-20]. http://ad-www.larc.nasa.gov/tsab/cfdlarc/aiaa-dpw/index/html.

[60] Rumsay C L, Long M, Stuever R A, et al. Summary of the first AIAA CFD high lift prediction workshop, AIAA-2011-0939[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2011.

[61] Vassberg J C, Jameson A, Peigin S, et al. A pilot project in preparation of an aerodynamic optimization workshop with lessons learned, AIAA-2008-6226[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2008.

[62] Epstein B, Jameson A, Peigin S, et al. Comparative study of a 3D wing drag minimization by different optimization techniques, AIAA-2008-0326[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2008.

[63] Le Doux S T, Herling W W, Fatta G J, et al. MDOPT-a multidicisplinary design optimization system using high order analysis codes, AIAA-2004-4567[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2004.

[64] Audet C, Dennis J, Moore D, et al. Surrogate-method-based method for constrained optimization, AIAA-2000-4891[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2000.

[65] Vatsa V N, Hammomd D P. Viscous flow computations for complex geometrics on parallel computers[C]//4th NASA Symposium on Large-scale Analysis and Design on High Performance Computers and Workstations, 1997.

[66] Epstein B, Rubin T, Seror S. Accurate multiblock Navier-Strokes solver for complex aerodynamic configurations[J]. AIAA Journal, 2003, 41(4): 582-594.

[67] Peigin S, Epstein B, Rubin T, et al. Parallel large scale high accuracy Navier-Stokes computations on distributed memory clusters[J]. Journal of Supercomputing, 2004, 27(1): 49-68.

[68] Seror S, Rubin T, Peigin S, et al. Implementation and validation of the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model for a parallel CFD code[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2005, 42(1): 179-185.

[69] Buning P G, Jespersen D C, Pulliam T H, et al. Overflow user's manual, version 1.81. Washington: NASA Langley Research Center, 1999.

[70] Vassberg J C, DeHaan M A, Sclafani A J. Grid generation requirements for accurate drag predictions based on OVERFLOW calculations, AIAA-2003-4124[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2003.

[71] Epstein B, Avorbuch A, Yavneh I. An accurate ENO driven multigrid method applied to 3D turbulent transonic flows[J]. Journal of Computation Physics, 2001, 168(2): 316-338.

[72] Sefrioui M, Periaux J, Ganascica J G. Fast convergence thanks to diversity[C]//Proceedings of 5th Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming, 1996: 313-321.

[73] Epstein B, Peigin S. Efficient approach for multipoint aerodynamic wing design of business jet aircraft[J]. AIAA Journal, 2007, 45(11): 2612-2621.

[74] Peigin S, Epstein B. Aerodynamic optimization of essentially three-dimensional shapes for wing-body fairing[J]. AIAA Journal, 2008, 46(7): 1814-1825.

[75] Peigin S, Epstein B. Computational fluid dynamics driven optimization of blended wing-body aircraft[J]. AIAA Journal, 2006, 44(11): 2736-2745.

[76] Smith H. College of Aeronautics blended wing body development programme, ICAS2000-1.1.4[R]. 2000.

[77] Qin N, Vavalle A, Le Moigne A, et al. Aerodynamic considerations of blended wing body aircraft[J]. Progess in Aerospace Sciences, 2004, 40(6): 321-343.

Applicable Numerical Optimization Methods for Aerodynamic Design of Civil Aircraft

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Qi LIU, Yongjie SHI, Zhiyuan HU, Guohua XU. Parameter effects analysis on aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of coaxial rigid rotor [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(9): 528856-528856.
[2]	Pengbo SUN, Zhou ZHOU, Xu LI, Kelei WANG. Influence analysis and optimization of distribution-propulsion-wing parameters with target aerodynamic characteristics [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629368-629368.
[3]	Junfu LI, Qing CHEN, Wei WANG, Zhonghua HAN, Yuting TAN, Yulin DING, Lu XIE, Jianling QIAO, Ke SONG, Junqiang AI. Design of low sonic boom high efficiency layout for advanced supersonic civil aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(6): 629613-629613.
[4]	Xiaochuan LIU, Xulong XI, Xinyue ZHANG, Chunyu BAI, Yabin YAN, Xiaocheng LI, Rangke MU. Full⁃scale crash experimental study of typical civil aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529664-529664.
[5]	Rui SI, Yong CHEN. Application trends of additive manufacturing technology for civil aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529677-529677.
[6]	Meng LI, Xingyi CHEN, Jichang CHEN, Bin WU, Mingbo TONG. Numerical analysis of civil aircraft ditching performance in wave condition [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(2): 28-43.
[7]	Chunpeng LI, Zhansen QIAN, Xiasheng SUN. Trailing edge deformation matrix aerodynamic design for long-range civil aircraft variable camber wing [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(7): 127335-127335.
[8]	Wenbo CAO, Yilang LIU, Weiwei ZHANG. Accelerated convergence method for fluid dynamics solvers based on reduced⁃order model and gradient optimization [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(6): 127090-127090.
[9]	Hongyang LIU, Chao SONG, Xiao LUO, Zhu ZHOU, Guangliang LYU. Inverse design of pressure distribution for natural laminar flow nacelle considering 3D flow effects [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(5): 126862-126862.
[10]	Yunlong ZHENG, Peiqing LIU, Qiulin QU, Jiahua DAI, Yu TIAN. Numerical investigation on motion characteristics of BWB aircraft in ditching [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(21): 528588-528588.
[11]	Xuhan ZHANG, Yi CAO, Jingnan SUN, Shunzhi PAN. Comparative study on weight analysis methods of cabin air parameters in civil aircraft [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(20): 228480-228480.
[12]	Di WANG, Yan LENG, Long YANG, Zhonghua HAN, Zhansen QIAN. Atmospheric turbulence effects on sonic boom propagation based on augmented Burgers equation [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(2): 626318-626318.
[13]	Yiran GU, Jiangtao HUANG, Shusheng CHEN, Deyuan LIU, Zhenghong GAO. Sonic boom inversion technology based on inverse augmented Burgers equation [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(2): 626258-626258）.
[14]	Yunwen FENG, Xinyi LIN, Xiaofeng XUE, Xiang YANG, Jiaqi LIU. Design of civil aircraft explosion-proof structure for high reliable one-way blasting [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(18): 228297-228297.
[15]	Qian ZHANG, Yuanxin YANG, Shuo TANG, Xianghang YUE, Zhi XU. Optimal thrust conditions and guidance for Mars solid ascent vehicles [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(17): 328155-328155.