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Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 529664-529664.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.29664

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Full⁃scale crash experimental study of typical civil aircraft

Xiaochuan LIU1,2,3(), Xulong XI1,2,3,4, Xinyue ZHANG1,2,3, Chunyu BAI1,2,3, Yabin YAN5, Xiaocheng LI1,2,3, Rangke MU1,2,3   

  1. 1.National key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,Xi’an 710065,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Aviation Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China
    3.Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Aircraft Vibration,Impact and Noise,Xi’an 710065,China
    4.School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    5.AVIC XAC Commercial Aircraft Co. ,Ltd. ,Xi’an 710089,China
  • Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-10-08 Accepted:2023-10-24 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2023-11-09
  • Contact: Xiaochuan LIU E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Specialized Research Project(2017-XX-15)

Abstract:

The crash test of civil aircraft is a worldwide technical problem, and it is the most direct means to evaluate the crashworthiness of civil aircraft. In this paper, the high precision lifting height control and high reliability delivery method of the full-scale aircraft crash test are proposed, and the testing methods of the key physical parameters such as structural response and dummy response are given. A dynamic response test system for the whole aircraft crash test was constructed, and using a unified time reference trigger method, the ground impact load, structural acceleration response, dummy response, and aircraft failure and deformation were analyzed. The response distribution rules of different parts of the aircraft were obtained. The revised comprehensive evaluation index ICI of the adaptability was put forward. The results show that the test data are complete and reliable. After the vertical crash at 5.71 m/s, the lower structure of the cabin floor is seriously deformed, and the upper structure of the fuselage in the central wing area is obviously deformed due to the inertia effect of the wing. The stiffness difference of the different fuselage segments results in significant differences in crash load and dynamic response. The higher the stiffness is, the smaller the deformation and the greater the acceleration response will be. After the crash, the load on the passengers was within safe range, the cabin seats are intact, the cabin doors can be opened normally., the living space of the passengers is sufficient, and the evacuation channel of the passengers is unblocked. Compared with the original ICI index, the revised evaluation result has better engineering applicability.

Key words: impact dynamics, civil aircraft, full-aircraft crash, full field measurement, structural energy absorption, crash load, evaluation of crashworthiness

CLC Number: