收稿日期:2024-11-29
修回日期:2024-12-18
接受日期:2025-03-10
出版日期:2025-03-19
发布日期:2025-03-19
通讯作者:
宋立明
E-mail:songlm@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
Jiajie GUO, Zhi TAO, Liming SONG(
), Jun LI
Received:2024-11-29
Revised:2024-12-18
Accepted:2025-03-10
Online:2025-03-19
Published:2025-03-19
Contact:
Liming SONG
E-mail:songlm@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
Supported by:摘要:
为深入挖掘考虑椭圆孔组合偏转的多变量设计空间,进一步提升凹槽叶顶的气热性能,采用稳态RANS数值模拟方法开展了凹槽叶顶的冷却布局优化研究,探究了优化结构的流场变化与性能提升机理。更为重要的是,为加速工程算例的优化速率,根据传统进化类算法框架,结合前沿优化算子,发展了适用于高维工程问题、快速收敛的优化算法并进行了函数测试,随后按单目标、双目标的次序开展了优化工作。优化结构降低了冷却孔布置间隔,采用大角度的正轴向偏转角提升了气膜贴壁性能,并且平衡了气膜覆盖与冷却孔朝向的耦合关系。结果显示,优化结构的气膜冷却效率相较于参考结构提升了79.9%,同时级效率上升了0.054%。
中图分类号:
郭嘉杰, 陶志, 宋立明, 李军. 考虑椭圆孔组合偏转的冷却布局多维高效优化[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(16): 131584.
Jiajie GUO, Zhi TAO, Liming SONG, Jun LI. Multi-dimensional and efficient optimization of cooling layout considering combination of oval hole inclination angles[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(16): 131584.
表 3
变量变化范围
| 变量 | 定义 | 范围 |
|---|---|---|
| x1/mm | H1位置 | 0.2~1.2 |
| x2/mm | H2位置 | 0.4~3.8 |
| x3/mm | H3位置 | 0.2~4.0 |
| x4/mm | H4位置 | 0.2~4.0 |
| x5/mm | H5位置 | 0.4~3.8 |
| x6/(°) | H1轴向偏转角 | -60~60 |
| x7/(°) | H2轴向偏转角 | -60~60 |
| x8/(°) | H3轴向偏转角 | -60~60 |
| x9/(°) | H4轴向偏转角 | -60~60 |
| x10/(°) | H5轴向偏转角 | -60~60 |
| x11/(°) | H1径向偏转角 | -30~30 |
| x12/(°) | H2径向偏转角 | -30~30 |
| x13/(°) | H3径向偏转角 | -30~15 |
| x14/(°) | H4径向偏转角 | -30~15 |
| x15/(°) | H5径向偏转角 | -30~30 |
| x16/(°) | H1自偏转角 | -20~20 |
| x17/(°) | H2自偏转角 | -20~20 |
| x18/(°) | H3自偏转角 | -20~20 |
| x19/(°) | H4自偏转角 | -20~20 |
| x20/(°) | H5自偏转角 | -20~20 |
表 4
单目标函数收敛精度测试
| 测试函数 | 特征 | 解析最优值 | 变量维度 | 算法 | 均值 | 标准差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ellipsoid | 单峰函数 | 0 | 50 | AHEA | 2.84×10-18 | 8.42×10-18 |
| RAHEA | 6.90×10-17 | 1.50×10-16 | ||||
| GSDE | 1.03×10-1 | 7.39×10-2 | ||||
| AHA | 1.89×10-4 | 3.12×10-4 | ||||
| GA | 3.31×103 | 3.85×102 | ||||
| 100 | AHEA | 1.61×10-19 | 4.77×10-19 | |||
| RAHEA | 5.55×10-18 | 7.99×10-18 | ||||
| GSDE | 3.27 | 3.92 | ||||
| AHA | 4.11×10-4 | 5.34×10-4 | ||||
| GA | 2.08×104 | 1.49×103 | ||||
| Rosenbrock | 狭长山谷状函数 | 0 | 50 | AHEA | 4.87×101 | 7.14×10-2 |
| RAHEA | 4.83×101 | 3.16×10-1 | ||||
| GSDE | 4.79×101 | 5.98×10-1 | ||||
| AHA | 4.90×101 | 2.17×10-2 | ||||
| GA | 4.28×103 | 3.04×102 | ||||
| 100 | AHEA | 9.88×101 | 4.11×10-2 | |||
| RAHEA | 9.87×101 | 1.14×10-1 | ||||
| GSDE | 9.80×101 | 2.86×10-1 | ||||
| AHA | 9.90×101 | 2.74×10-2 | ||||
| GA | 1.74×104 | 1.94×103 | ||||
| Ackley | 多峰函数 | 0 | 50 | AHEA | 1.78×10-13 | 3.73×10-13 |
| RAHEA | 6.42×10-11 | 1.21×10-10 | ||||
| GSDE | 9.96×10-3 | 1.87×10-2 |
表4
续表
| 测试函数 | 特征 | 解析最优值 | 变量维度 | 算法 | 均值 | 标准差 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ackley | 多峰函数 | 0 | 50 | AHA | 2.33×10-2 | 2.31×10-2 |
| GA | 1.95×101 | 2.14×10-1 | ||||
| 100 | AHEA | 5.49×10-13 | 9.98×10-13 | |||
| RAHEA | 9.36×10-12 | 1.91×10-11 | ||||
| GSDE | 1.78×10-1 | 1.20×10-1 | ||||
| AHA | 9.64×10-3 | 1.24×10-2 | ||||
| GA | 2.02×101 | 1.23×10-1 | ||||
| Griewank | 多峰函数 | 0 | 50 | AHEA | <1.0×10-17 | <1.0×10-17 |
| RAHEA | 4.13×10-15 | 1.18×10-14 | ||||
| GSDE | 5.52×10-3 | 7.42×10-3 | ||||
| AHA | 1.42×10-2 | 2.76×10-2 | ||||
| GA | 5.09×102 | 5.45×101 | ||||
| 100 | AHEA | <1.0×10-17 | <1.0×10-17 | |||
| RAHEA | 9.99×10-17 | 2.014×10-16 | ||||
| GSDE | 1.90×10-1 | 5.69×10-2 | ||||
| AHA | 4.85×10-2 | 1.30×10-1 | ||||
| GA | 1.63×103 | 1.13×102 |
表 5
变量优化结果
| 变量 | 定义 | 优化取值 |
|---|---|---|
| x1/mm | H1位置 | 0.38 |
| x2/mm | H2位置 | 0.60 |
| x3/mm | H3位置 | 0.20 |
| x4/mm | H4位置 | 0.31 |
| x5/mm | H5位置 | 0.40 |
| x6/(°) | H1轴向偏转角 | 60.0 |
| x7/(°) | H2轴向偏转角 | 60.0 |
| x8/(°) | H3轴向偏转角 | 48.9 |
| x9/(°) | H4轴向偏转角 | 58.1 |
| x10/(°) | H5轴向偏转角 | 39.0 |
| x11/(°) | H1径向偏转角 | -19.2 |
| x12/(°) | H2径向偏转角 | -30.0 |
| x13/(°) | H3径向偏转角 | -30.0 |
| x14/(°) | H4径向偏转角 | 1.4 |
| x15/(°) | H5径向偏转角 | -30.0 |
| x16/(°) | H1自偏转角 | 20.0 |
| x17/(°) | H2自偏转角 | -3.1 |
| x18/(°) | H3自偏转角 | 20.0 |
| x19/(°) | H4自偏转角 | 14.0 |
| x20/(°) | H5自偏转角 | -16.4 |
| [1] | BOOTH T C. Tip clearance effects in axial turbo-machines (lecture series): Importance of tip clearance flows in turbine design[R]. Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium: Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1985: 1-34. |
| [2] | DENTON J D. The 1993 IGTI scholar lecture: Loss mechanisms in turbomachines[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 1993, 115(4): 621-656. |
| [3] | AMERI A A, STEINTHORSSON E. Prediction of unshrouded rotor blade tip heat transfer[M]. New York: ASME, 1995. |
| [4] | KWAK J S, HAN J C. Heat-transfer coefficients of a turbine blade-tip and near-tip regions[J]. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 2003, 17(3):297-303. |
| [5] | 杜昆, 李军. 涡轮叶片凹槽状叶顶非定常流动传热特性的数值研究[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(3): 551-558. |
| DU K, LI J. Numerical investigations on unsteady leakage flow and heat transfer characteristics of turbine blade with squealer tip[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(3): 551-558 (in Chinese). | |
| [6] | YE M L, HE K, YAN X. Influence of wear damages on aerodynamic and heat transfer performance in squealer tip gap[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019, 159: 113976. |
| [7] | 黄明, 张垲垣, 李志刚, 等. 涡轮动叶气膜冷却结构的凹槽状叶顶气热性能不确定性量化[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(19): 629979. |
| HUANG M, ZHANG K Y, LI Z G, et al. Uncertainty quantification of aerothermal performance of squealer tip with film cooling structure[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(19): 629979 (in Chinese). | |
| [8] | 李会, 黄通, 苏欣荣, 等. 基于DDES模拟的叶顶泄漏流与尾迹非定常干涉机理[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(14): 628325. |
| LI H, HUANG T, SU X R, et al. DDES analysis of unsteady characteristics of interaction between tip leakage flow and wake[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(14): 628325 (in Chinese). | |
| [9] | AHN J, MHETRAS S, HAN J C. Film-cooling effectiveness on a gas turbine blade tip using pressure-sensitive paint[J]. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2005, 127(5): 521-530. |
| [10] | GAO J, ZHENG Q, ZHANG Z Y, et al. Aero-thermal performance improvements of unshrouded turbines through management of tip leakage and injection flows[J]. Energy, 2014, 69: 648-660. |
| [11] | LI C X, XIANG J C, SONG L M, et al. An aerothermal analysis of the effects of tip gap height and cavity depth of a gas turbine blade[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2020, 158: 106521. |
| [12] | 黄琰, 晏鑫, 何坤, 等. 气膜孔分布对凹槽叶顶传热和冷却性能的影响[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(5): 101-107. |
| HUANG Y, YAN X, HE K, et al. Effect of cooling-hole distributions on heat transfer and cooling effectiveness on turbine blade tip[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(5): 101-107 (in Chinese). | |
| [13] | ZHOU Z H, CHEN S W, LI W H, et al. Thermal performance of blade tip and casing coolant injection on a turbine blade with cavity and winglet-cavity tip[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2019, 130: 585-602. |
| [14] | 王宇凡, 张伟昊, 邹正平, 等. 凹槽叶顶冷气射流对涡轮叶尖泄漏流动的影响[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2021, 42(3): 619-625. |
| WANG Y F, ZHANG W H, ZOU Z P, et al. Effects of cooling jet in the cavity on tip-leakage flow in the turbine[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2021, 42(3): 619-625 (in Chinese). | |
| [15] | 于金杏, 叶明亮, 何坤, 等. 压力侧冷却流对凹槽叶顶气膜冷却与传热性能的影响[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2021, 56(3): 160-172. |
| YU J X, YE M L, HE K, et al. Effect of pressure-side cooling flow on film cooling and heat transfer performance at squealer tip[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2021, 56(3): 160-172 (in Chinese). | |
| [16] | 吴琛琦, 何坤, 晏鑫. 射流角对带小翼凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的影响[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2022, 56(7): 27-37. |
| WU C Q, HE K, YAN X. Effect of ejection angle on film cooling and heat transfer of winglet-squealer tip[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2022, 56(7): 27-37 (in Chinese). | |
| [17] | 贾哲, 李冯, 张韦馨, 等. 平面叶栅多凹槽叶顶倾斜圆柱孔气膜冷却与气动特性研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2023, 57(9): 10-21. |
| JIA Z, LI F, ZHANG W X, et al. Investigation on film cooling and aerodynamic performance of the multi-cavity tip with inclined film holes in a linear turbine cascade[J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2023, 57(9): 10-21 (in Chinese). | |
| [18] | MARAL H, ŞENEL C B, DEVECI K, et al. A genetic algorithm based multi-objective optimization of squealer tip geometry in axial flow turbines: A constant tip gap approach[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2020, 142(2): 021402. |
| [19] | 李琛玺, 郭振东, 宋立明, 等. 凹槽状叶顶气膜孔优化设计与知识挖掘[J]. 推进技术, 2019, 40(2): 276-284. |
| LI C X, GUO Z D, SONG L M, et al. Film-cooling holes design optimization and knowledge mining of a squealer tip[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2019, 40(2): 276-284 (in Chinese). | |
| [20] | KANG Y S, RHEE D H, KIM C T, et al. Aerodynamic optimization of axial turbine tip cavity with approximation model[C]∥ASME Turbine Blade Tip Symposium. New York: ASME, 2013. |
| [21] | 金家辉, 宋彦萍, 俞建阳, 等. 基于样条曲面及代理模型的涡轮叶顶修型研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2019, 40(1): 49-54. |
| JIN J H, SONG Y P, YU J Y, et al. Modification for turbine blade tips on B-spline surface and Kriging model[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2019, 40(1): 49-54 (in Chinese). | |
| [22] | DE MAESSCHALCK C, ANDREOLI V, PANIAGUA G, et al. Aerothermal optimization of turbine squealer tip geometries with arbitrary cooling injection[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2021, 143(11): 111010. |
| [23] | HALILA E E, LENAHAN D T, THOMAS T T. Energy efficient engine high-pressure turbine test hardware detailed design report[R]. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1982. |
| [24] | KWAK J S, AHN J, HAN J, et al. Heat transfer coefficients on the squealer tip and near-tip regions of a gas turbine blade with single or double squealer[J]. Journal of Turbomachinery, 2003, 125(4): 778-787. |
| [25] | ZHAO W G, WANG L Y, MIRJALILI S. Artificial hummingbird algorithm: A new bio-inspired optimizer with its engineering applications[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2022, 388: 114194. |
| [26] | DEB K, PRATAP A, AGARWAL S, et al. A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-Ⅱ[J]. IEEE transactions on evolutionary computation, 2002, 6(2): 182-197. |
| [27] | GUO Z D, ZHANG Z J, CHEN Y, et al. An efficient surrogate-assisted differential evolution algorithm for turbomachinery cascades optimization with more than 100 variables[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2023, 142: 108675. |
| [28] | GUO J J, SONG L M, TAO Z, et al. Cooling layout optimization for a turbine blade squealer tip with the application of oval holes[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 159: 108323. |
| [29] | LIU C Q, WANG Y Q, YANG Y, et al. New omega vortex identification method[J]. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2016, 59(8): 684711. |
| [30] | 郭嘉杰, 陶志, 宋立明, 等. 凹槽叶顶椭圆与圆形冷却孔轴向偏转角对气热特性的影响研究[J]. 推进技术, 2023, 44(11): 80-91. |
| GUO J J, TAO Z, SONG L M, et al. Effects of axial inclination angle of oval and round cooling holes on aero-thermal performance of a squealer tip[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2023, 44(11): 80-91 (in Chinese). |
| [1] | 李荣祖, 刘莉, 杨盾. 基于多源域融合代理模型的氢能无人机优化设计[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(9): 630979-630979. |
| [2] | 陈玲玲, 张杨, 施永强, 杨青真. 气膜冷却矢量喷管冷却/气动/红外辐射特性[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(8): 631139-631139. |
| [3] | 蔡伟伟, 伍国华, 李恒伟, 尹谦. 考虑用户偏好的中继卫星多目标调度优化方法[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(8): 331074-331074. |
| [4] | 王一帆, 郭喜云, 贾世元, 陈钢, 任默. 面向桁架抓持的三分支机器人构型优化方法[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(7): 431033-431033. |
| [5] | 崔瑀欣, 陆中, 周伽. 基于多目标人工蜂鸟算法的研制保证等级分配[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(4): 330946-330946. |
| [6] | 王有盛, 孙立国, 魏金鹏, 谭文倩, 潘永豪. 基于改进鸡群-Gauss伪谱法的组合动力飞机爬升轨迹优化方法[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(2): 230737-230737. |
| [7] | 丁海鹏, 吕郑, 田轲, 叶涛, 陈匡世, 徐惊雷. 三维并联涡轮基组合循环排气系统设计与性能分析[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(15): 131104-131104. |
| [8] | 赵磊, 李杰, 许晶莹. 低压涡轮性能试验方法对效率测量精度的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(15): 131142-131142. |
| [9] | 宋祺, 左家亮, 吴傲, 杨任农, 王瑛, 李乐言. 面向空中战斗管理的协同任务进程管理方法[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(15): 331480-331480. |
| [10] | 束浩诚, 孔晓治, 龚文彬, 刘高文, 林阿强. 盘腔旋流和旋转雷诺数对涡轮轮缘封严的影响机理[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(15): 131530-131530. |
| [11] | 张春晓, 郭通, 李宇萌. 城市低空立体物流网络双种群协同优化方法[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(11): 531477-531477. |
| [12] | 陈远玲, 陈家文, 潘越洋, 闫明洋. 基于熵产理论的航空柱塞泵涡轮增压系统优化[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(4): 429015-429015. |
| [13] | 朱志豪, 隋秀明, 浦健, 郝龙, 赵巍, 赵庆军. 多级无导叶对转涡轮尾迹/激波转转级间非定常干涉对叶片气动载荷的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(24): 630582-630582. |
| [14] | 姚春意, 张正, 朱惠人. 表面粗糙度对气膜冷却的影响机理[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(24): 630661-630661. |
| [15] | 单程军, 贡天宇, 易理哲, 杨浩辉, 龙垚松. 超声速民机高效高可信度声爆/气动多学科优化方法[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(24): 630573-630573. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||
版权所有 © 航空学报编辑部
版权所有 © 2011航空学报杂志社
主管单位:中国科学技术协会 主办单位:中国航空学会 北京航空航天大学

