航空学报 > 2024, Vol. 45 Issue (15): 630202-630202   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30202

基于CFD计算域分区耦合技术的航空微型溢流阀流固耦合全域数值计算

朱嘉兴, 李奕宁, 牛世勇(), 田一松, 李頔, 解一鸣   

  1. 航空工业西安飞行自动控制研究所,西安 710065
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-22 修回日期:2024-02-15 接受日期:2024-04-01 出版日期:2024-04-12 发布日期:2024-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 牛世勇 E-mail:nsy2379@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家级项目

Global numerical calculation of fluid-structure coupling of aero micro-relief valve based on CFD computation domain division coupling technology

Jiaxing ZHU, Yining LI, Shiyong NIU(), Yisong TIAN, Di LI, Yiming XIE   

  1. AVIC Xi’an Flight Automatic Control Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,China
  • Received:2024-01-22 Revised:2024-02-15 Accepted:2024-04-01 Online:2024-04-12 Published:2024-04-10
  • Contact: Shiyong NIU E-mail:nsy2379@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Level Project

摘要:

飞机液压作动系统微型插装式溢流阀具有微形流道结构,内部瞬时流体输运规律及诱发两相流的机制尚不明确,产品特性参数对性能的影响尚未明晰,亟需发展相关的仿真模型进行分析研究并开展实验验证工作。以某航空液压作动系统用微型插装式溢流阀为研究对象进行了仿真和试验研究。在仿真计算时,考虑了阀芯运动造成的溢流阀全域结构变化以及边界条件迁移的影响,在流固耦合的基础上提出了一种针对该型溢流阀流道结构的CFD计算域分区耦合技术,并以此完成了全域数值计算模型的建模工作。基于全空化模型、湍流模型和阀芯动力学计算模型,该CFD仿真模型可实现对溢流阀全工作周期内瞬态特性的准确模拟,可得到流体压力场、流体速度场、空化相变特性及运动组件动力学特性随阀芯动作的动态衍变规律。另一方面,搭建了溢流阀性能试验台用于验证仿真模型的正确性。并基于代理模型技术构建了CFD模型输入输出之间映射关系的Kriging模型,极大提升了原模型的计算效率。将其应用于较大计算规模的模型评估,以此进行了启闭及流量特性参数对输入参数的全局灵敏度分析。最后,以结果指导产品研制过程的优化。结果表明:该型溢流阀的启闭过程连续、迅速且稳定,可有效保障系统安全。仿真得到的压力-流量结果与试验数据较为吻合,全周期内最大误差保持在5%以内。弹簧特性和位移限制位置对溢流阀的启闭特性产生较大影响,需要在研制过程进行重点关注。本文工作有助于深入理解微型插装溢流阀内部复杂流动机理,可对其研制过程形成理论指导,对其所处液压作动系统的运行可靠性和稳定性提升具有较为重要的价值。

关键词: 微型阀, CFD, 流固耦合, 瞬态流场特性, 灵敏度分析

Abstract:

Aviation miniature plug-in relief valves in aircraft hydraulic systems have a micro channel structure. Its mechanism of inducing transport characteristics of internal fluid as well as that inducing two-phase flow remains unclear, and the influence of characteristic parameters on product features is not yet well-defined. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop relevant simulation models for analysis and perform experimental tests. Here, we conduct simulation and experimental studies on an aviation plug-in relief valve in the aircraft hydraulic systems. In the simulation calculation, the influence of the global structural changes and the migration of partial boundary conditions of the valve caused by the spool motion process were considered. Based on the fluid-structure coupling technology, a CFD computational domain division coupling technology was proposed specifically for the complex flow passage structure of the relief valve researched in this paper, which was used to establish a numerical calculation model for the valve global domain. Based on the full cavitation model, turbulence model and spool dynamics calculation model, this computational model can accurately simulate transient characteristics throughout the entire operating cycle, providing insights into the dynamic evolution law of distribution of pressure field, velocity field, cavitation characteristics, and the dynamic variation of spool kinetic characteristics with spool action. To ensure the simulation accuracy, we built the performance test device. Further, a surrogate model for the input output mapping relationship of the valve CFD model was constructed, significantly improving the computational efficiency of the original model. Applying it to large sample model evaluation, we conducted the global sensitivity analysis of the opening and closing as well as the flow characteristic parameters to the input parameters. Results show that the opening and closing process of the researched valve are continuous, rapid, and stable, which can effectively ensure system security. The simulation results of the pressure-flow rate are in good agreement with the experimental data, and the maximum error throughout the entire cycle remains within 5%. Furthermore, the spring characteristics and maximum displacement have a significant impact on the opening and closing characteristics of the valve, requiring particular attention on the design and manufacturing processes of this component. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate flow mechanisms within the miniature plug-in relief valve, providing theoretical guidance for the development process and holding significant value in enhancing the operational reliability and stability of the hydraulic control system in which the relief valve is employed.

Key words: micro-valve, CFD, flow-structure coupling, transient flow field characteristics, sensitivity analysis

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