航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (1): 632064-632064   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32064

第二十七届中国科协年会专栏

考虑升力匹配的高超飞行器气动布局优化设计

张阳1,2, 韩忠华1,2(), 张科施1,2, 宋科1,2, 宋文萍1,2   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 航空学院 气动与多学科优化设计研究所,西安 710072
    2.飞行器基础布局全国重点实验室,西安 710072
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-02 修回日期:2025-05-30 接受日期:2025-07-10 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2025-10-30
  • 通讯作者: 韩忠华 E-mail:hanzh@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3002800);国家自然科学基金(52472385);国家自然科学基金(12072285)

Aerodynamic design optimization of hypersonic vehicles considering lift matching

Yang ZHANG1,2, Zhonghua HAN1,2(), Keshi ZHANG1,2, Ke SONG1,2, Wenping SONG1,2   

  1. 1.Institute of Aerodynamic and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization,School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design,Xi’an 710072,China
  • Received:2025-04-02 Revised:2025-05-30 Accepted:2025-07-10 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2025-10-30
  • Contact: Zhonghua HAN E-mail:hanzh@nwpu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3002800);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472385)

摘要:

宽速域气动设计是水平起降空天飞机研制的瓶颈问题之一。空天飞机在全包线飞行过程中经历极宽的速域和极广的空域,不同速域下的飞行动压存在量级上的差异;飞行器匹配自身重力所需的升力面大小存在显著不同,使得气动布局设计过程中升力匹配设计存在很大挑战。在优先满足低速起飞升力设计要求时,高速飞行的设计升力状态会显著偏离其最大升阻比状态,导致可用升阻比不足。首先,结合空天飞机宽域飞行环境,分析了水平起降空天飞机宽速域升力匹配设计需求。其次,发展了一种考虑升力匹配的全局气动优化设计方法,并针对Sanger空天飞机载机的机翼开展了考虑升力匹配的机翼平面及剖面外形气动优化设计研究,优化机翼在满足起飞升力约束的前提下,在超声速和高超声速状态下的可用升阻比分别提升了20.00%和8.12%,显著缓解了高速可用升阻比不足的难题。最后,开展了机体干扰下考虑升力匹配的机翼平面外形优化设计,验证了发展的方法在全机构型下的适用性。

关键词: 空天飞机, 宽速域, 升力匹配, 机翼, 气动设计

Abstract:

Wide-speed-range aerodynamic design remains one of the critical bottlenecks in the development of horizontal takeoff and landing aerospace planes. These vehicles operate across an exceptionally broad flight envelope, encountering significant variations in both dynamic pressure and atmospheric conditions. The disparity in required lift across low-speed and high-speed regimes leads to conflicting demands on the lifting surface sizing, introducing considerable challenges in achieving an aerodynamically balanced configuration throughout the entire mission profile. Specifically, satisfying the lift requirements for low-speed takeoff typically results in excessive lifting surface area under high-speed conditions, causing a marked deviation from the optimal lift-to-drag ratio and limiting the vehicle’s aerodynamic efficiency. To address this challenge, we first analyze the lift matching requirements associated with wide-speed-range operations of horizontal takeoff aerospace planes. A global aerodynamic optimization framework is then developed, explicitly incorporating lift matching constraints into the configuration design process. The proposed methodology is applied to the wing planform and airfoil shape optimization of the Sanger aerospace plane carrier aircraft. Under the constraint of meeting low-speed takeoff lift requirements, the optimized wing achieves an improvement of 20.00% in the available lift-to-drag ratio under supersonic conditions and 8.12% under hypersonic conditions, effectively mitigating the aerodynamic efficiency degradation at high speeds. Finally, the optimization framework is extended to account for fuselage-wing aerodynamic interference effects, and its applicability to full-vehicle configuration aerodynamic optimization is demonstrated.

Key words: aerospace plane, wide-speed-range, lift matching, wing, aerodynamic design

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