航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (14): 131519-131519   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31519

针栓烧蚀对变推力固体发动机内弹道的影响

李春杰1, 李军伟1,2(), 田忠亮3, 王立民4,5, 杨航6, 姚皞宇6   

  1. 1.北京理工大学 宇航学院,北京 100081
    2.北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆 401120
    3.北京航天发射技术研究所,北京 100076
    4.国防科技大学 高超声速技术实验室,长沙 410073
    5.内蒙动力机械研究所,呼和浩特 010011
    6.南京晨光集团有限责任公司,南京 210006
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12 修回日期:2024-11-26 接受日期:2024-12-26 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 李军伟 E-mail:david78lee@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家级项目

Influence of pintle ablation on internal ballistics of variable thrust solid motor

Chunjie LI1, Junwei LI1,2(), Zhongliang TIAN3, Limin WANG4,5, Hang YANG6, Haoyu YAO6   

  1. 1.Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
    2.Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center,Chongqing 401120,China
    3.Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology,Beijing 100076,China
    4.Hypersonic Technology Laboratory,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
    5.Power Machinery Research Institute of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010011,China
    6.Aerosun Corporation,Nanjing 210006,China
  • Received:2024-11-12 Revised:2024-11-26 Accepted:2024-12-26 Online:2025-01-15 Published:2025-01-07
  • Contact: Junwei LI E-mail:david78lee@bit.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Level Project

摘要:

为研究针栓烧蚀下变推力固体发动机工作过程中的内弹道特性,设计了一种后置针栓式变推力固体火箭发动机,并开展了发动机热试车实验,结果显示,针栓靠近喉部位置烧蚀严重,最大平均径向烧蚀率为1.31 mm/s。建立了考虑针栓烧蚀的内弹道模型,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,相较不考虑针栓烧蚀的模型最大偏差由12.9%降至3%以下。针栓烧蚀导致发动机调节能力大幅降低,压强调节范围降幅达43.4%。研究了烧蚀开始时刻和烧蚀率对内弹道的影响,结果表明,针栓烧蚀开始时刻的延后会导致升压段压强变化率和升压段压力峰先增大后保持不变,降压段压强变化率和平台段压力波动先增后减。随烧蚀率增加,升降压段压强变化率和压力峰减小,降压段压强变化率逐渐降低直至为0,平台段压力波动先增后减,压力偏差则单调增大并趋于定值。

关键词: 针栓, 固体发动机, 烧蚀, 内弹道, 压强响应

Abstract:

To investigate the internal ballistics characteristics of the variable thrust solid motor during the operation process with pintle ablation, a variable thrust solid rocket motor with rear-mounted pintle was designed in this paper, and the hot firing test of the motor was carried out. The test results show that the pintle ablation was severe near the throat, with a maximum average radial ablation rate of 1.31 mm/s. An internal ballistic model considering pintle ablation was established, and the calculation results were in good agreement with the experimental data. Compared with the model without considering pintle ablation, the maximum deviation of the calculation results was reduced from 12.9% to less than 3%. The pintle ablation led to a significant reduction in the regulating capacity of the motor, and the pressure regulating range decreased by 43.4%. The influences of the onset time and the rate of ablation on the internal ballistics were studied. It was found that the delay of the onset time of pintle ablation can cause the pressure change rate and the pressure peak in the pressure boosting section to increase first and then remain unchanged, while the pressure change rate in the pressure reduction section and the pressure fluctuation in the platform section to increase first and then decrease. With the increase of the ablation rate, the pressure change rate and the pressure peak in the pressure rising and dropping sections decreased, the pressure change rate in the pressure reduction section gradually decreased to zero, the pressure fluctuation in the platform section increased first and then decreased, and the pressure deviation monotonically increased and then tended to a constant value.

Key words: pintle, solid rocket motor, ablation, internal ballistics, pressure response

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