郝帅1,2, 马铁林3, 王一1, 向锦武1(), 马洪忠2, 蒋柏峰4, 曹军5
收稿日期:
2022-02-14
修回日期:
2022-03-03
接受日期:
2022-03-14
出版日期:
2023-03-25
发布日期:
2022-03-22
通讯作者:
向锦武
E-mail:xiangjw@buaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
Shuai HAO1,2, Tielin MA3, Yi WANG1, Jinwu XIANG1(), Hongzhong MA2, Baifeng JIANG4, Jun CAO5
Received:
2022-02-14
Revised:
2022-03-03
Accepted:
2022-03-14
Online:
2023-03-25
Published:
2022-03-22
Contact:
Jinwu XIANG
E-mail:xiangjw@buaa.edu.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
传感器飞机是美国空军实验室提出的一种高空长航时预警监视和信息综合飞行器,采用平台载荷一体化技术理念,兼具飞行器和传感器的双重特征。平台与载荷之间多要素耦合,意味着不同于传统情报、监视与侦察(ISR)飞机的总体设计;飞行条件与性能指标为气动设计带来了新挑战;大展弦比柔性机翼的气动弹性问题不仅造成飞行性能恶化,还会导致机翼共形天线电性能的损失。本文总结了传感器飞机的技术特征,从飞行平台和共形天线两方面阐述了美国传感器飞机系统的发展历程,梳理了支撑传感器飞机发展的一体化布局设计、层流减阻、阵风减缓、共形天线设计、形变测量与重构、电性能补偿6项核心关键技术并介绍了相关应用;从飞行能力、隐身能力、感知能力及协同能力4个方面展望了该类飞行器的发展趋势,可为后续新型ISR飞机提供参考。
中图分类号:
郝帅, 马铁林, 王一, 向锦武, 马洪忠, 蒋柏峰, 曹军. 传感器飞机核心关键技术进展与应用[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(6): 27034-027034.
Shuai HAO, Tielin MA, Yi WANG, Jinwu XIANG, Hongzhong MA, Baifeng JIANG, Jun CAO. Progress and application of key technologies of SensorCraft[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(6): 27034-027034.
表4
早期代表性的共形天线项目[103-109]
项目名称 | 参研单位 | 研究内容 |
---|---|---|
集成传感器即结构 | 美国国防高级研究计划局/雷神公司 | 平流层飞艇集成超大型低密度相控阵雷达天线 |
多用途天线 | 美国海军/诺格公司 | 开发多功能天线,集成VHF/UHF视距、UHF卫通和GPS |
军用巡逻机低成本共形收发卫通天线 | 美国海军/诺格公司 | 开发低成本共形卫通收/发天线,可在X、Ku/Ka波段工作 |
低成本自适应共形电扫雷达 | 美国陆军/雷神公司 | 开发远程GMTI/SAR雷达,用于美国陆军的战术无人机 |
智能蒙皮结构技术演示 | 美国空军实验室 | 设计、制造和测试CLAS样件 |
射频多功能结构孔径 | 美国空军实验室 | 开发宽频通信/导航/识别和电子战的结构集成/低成本天线 |
传感器飞机共形低频段天线结构 | 诺格公司/美国空军实验室 | 制作传感器飞机所需阵列的1/2缩比演示样件 |
结构集成X波段阵列 | 波音公司/美国空军实验室 | 验证一级和二级结构性能,在微波暗室中评估射频性能 |
低频结构阵列 | 诺格公司/美国空军实验室 | 生产和测试传感器飞机共形阵列的全尺寸全约束样件 |
X波段低剖面雷达孔径 | 雷神公司/美国空军实验室 | 开发用于联合无人作战空中系统的超低剖面雷达天线 |
共形阵雷达技术 | 雷神公司/美国空军实验室 | 开发集成于机体两侧及机翼前缘的共形天线阵面 |
多功能结构与共形孔径 | 波音公司/美国空军实验室 | 针对真实机翼、机身及舱门结构,开发测试一体化天线 |
共形承载天线飞机结构 | 荷兰国家航空航天实验室 | 开发机载共形承载天线,研究变形和振动对天线的影响 |
结构功能一体化天线 | 法国国家宇航局/汤姆逊无线电公司 | 开发有源智能蒙皮天线样机 |
多功能结构/传感器和天线集成 | 德国高频物理研究所 | 开发结构集成的多功能天线,研究变形和振动对天线的影响 |
1 | CORD T J, NEWBERN S. Unmanned air vehicles: new challenges in design[C]∥ 2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2001: 2699-2704. |
2 | HALL J K, CLARK C S. SensorCraft mission simulation study: AFRL-VA-WP-TP-2002-314[R]. Dayton: Air Force Research Lab Wright-Patterson AFB OH Air Vehicles Directorate, 2002. |
3 | JOHNSON F. Sensor Craft—Tomorrow’s eyes and ears of the warfighter[C]∥ AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. Reston: AIAA, 2001. |
4 | TILMANN C P. Emerging aerodynamic technologies for high-altitude long-endurance SensorCraft UAVs[C]∥ Proceedings for Aerodynamic Issues of Unmanned Air Vehicles. Dayton: Air Force Research Lab Wright-Patterson AFB OH Air Vehicles Directorate, 2002: 1-24. |
5 | GENELLO G J, BALDYGO W J, CALLAHAN M J. Modeling and simulation for Sensor Craft multi-mission radar[C]∥ 2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2001: 741-748. |
6 | MALLWOOD B, CANFIELD R, TERZUOLI A. Structurally integrated antennas on a joined-wing aircraft[C]∥ 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2003. |
7 | CHAMBERS J R. Innovation in flight: Research of the NASA langley research center on revolutionary advanced concepts for aeronautics[M]. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2007: 1-20. |
8 | HOPKINS M, TUSS J, LOCKYER A, et al. Smart skin conformal load-bearing antenna and other smart structures developments[C]∥ 38th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 1997. |
9 | BARTLEY-CHO J, LOCKYER A, ALT K, et al. Development and testing of a conformal load-bearing smart skin antenna structure[C]∥ 40th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit. Reston: AIAA, 1999. |
10 | SIPUS Z, SKOKIC S, BURUM N. Analysis of conformal stacked-patch arrays: SPC 04-3050[R]. Zagreb: Zagreb University, 2005. |
11 | SCHWARTZ J, CANFIELD R A, BLAIR M. Aero-structural coupling and sensitivity of a joined-wing SensorCraft[C]∥ 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2003: 1606-1613. |
12 | BANKS D, BERDEN M, BARON B, et al. Structurally integrated X-band array development: RTO-MP-AVT-141[R]. Seattle: Boeing Company, 2006. |
13 | HENDERSON J, MARTIN C, KUDVA J. Sensitivity of optimized structures to constraints and performance requirements for the SensorCraft ISR platform[C]∥ 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2003. |
14 | REICH G W, RAVEH D E, ZINK P S. Application of active-aeroelastic-wing technology to a joined-wing SensorCraft[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2004, 41(3): 594-602. |
15 | SULEMAN A. Research and development of a scaled joined-wing flight vehicle: GRANT 05-3076[R]. Lisbon: Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisbon, 2005. |
16 | JOHNSON K S. Unmanned aircraft systems roadmap 2005-2030: 61280700[R]. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary of Defence (USA), 2005. |
17 | NANGIA R, PALMER M. Joined wing configuration for high speeds—A first stage aerodynamic study[C]∥ 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston: AIAA, 2006. |
18 | COOPER J E. Structural design and analysis of an aeroelastic tailoring and passive load alleviation concept for a Sensor Craft: GRANT 05-3006[R]. Manchester: Manchester University, 2007. |
19 | VIO G, COOPER J. Optimisation of composite SensorCraft structures for gust alleviation[C]∥ 12th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2008. |
20 | CALLUS P J. Novel concepts for conformal load-bearing antenna structure: DSTO-TR-2096[R]. Victoria: Defence Science and Technology Organisation Victoria (Australia) Air Vehicles DIV, 2008. |
21 | CAKIROGLU B. Construction and testing of broadband high impedance ground planes (HIGPS) for surface mount antennas: AFIT/GE/ENG/08-02[R]. Dayton: Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB OH School of Engineering and Management, 2008. |
22 | CASSEN J, WATERMAN T G. Radome for endfire antenna arrays: US7583238[P]. 2009-09-01. |
23 | LINDERMAN R. Air Force science & technology issues & opportunities regarding high performance embedded computing[C]∥ 13th Annual Workshop on High Performance Embedded Computing. Lexington: Air Force Research Lab Rome Ny Information Directorate, 2009: 1-40. |
24 | GAL-OR B. Editorial on future jet technologies[J]. International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines, 2014, 31(4): 197-198. |
25 | BRONK J. Disruptive trends in long-range precision strike, ISR, and defensive systems[J]. The Nonproliferation Review, 2020, 27(1-3): 39-47. |
26 | GUNZINGER M, REHBERG C, COHN J, et al. An air force for an era of great power competition[M]. Wash-ington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and Budgetary As-sessments, 2019: 7-165. |
27 | BLAIR M B, CANFIELD R. A joined-wing structural weight modeling study[C]∥ 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2002. |
28 | HUNTEN K, BLAIR M. The application of the MISTC framework to structural design optimization[C]∥ 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2005. |
29 | BLAIR M. Air vehicle enviroment in C++: A computational design environment for conceptual innovations[J]. Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and Communication, 2010, 7(3): 85-117. |
30 | RASMUSSEN C C, CANFIELD R A, BLAIR M. Joined-wing Sensor-Craft configuration design[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2006, 43(5): 1470-1478. |
31 | NEIDHOEFER J, RYAN J, LEAHY B, et al. Cooperative multi-disciplinary design of integral load bearing antennas in small UAVs[C]∥ 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston: AIAA, 2009. |
32 | 张芳, 徐含乐, 任武. 特种太阳能飞机总体参数设计方法研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2012, 12(24): 6245-6251. |
ZHANG F, XU H L, REN W. Research of Special Solar-powered Aircraft Conceptual Parameters design method[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2012, 12(24): 6245-6251 (in Chinese). | |
33 | 任武, 周洲, 王正平. 高空长航时无人预警机气动及电磁特性研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2012, 12(4): 848-851, 856. |
REN W, ZHOU Z, WANG Z P. Aerodynamic and electromagnetic characteristics research of high-altitude long-endurance early warning unmanned aerial vehicles[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2012, 12(4): 848-851, 856 (in Chinese). | |
34 | HE C, JIA Y H, MA D L, et al. Integrated optimization approach for aerodynamic, structural, and embedded antenna design of joined-wing SensorCraft[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 138999-139012. |
35 | CALLUS P J. Conformal load-bearing antenna structure for Australian Defence Force aircraft: DSTO-TR-1963[R]. Melboume: Defence Science and Technology Organisation Victoria (Australia) Air Vehicles DIV, 2007. |
36 | NANGIA R K. Configuration studies supporting design/assessment of Sensor Craft: SPC 01-4087[R]. Bristol: Nangia Aero Research Associates Bristol, 2003. |
37 | ROBERTS JR R W. Sensor-Craft analytical certification[D]. Dayton: Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB OH School of Engineering and Management, 2003: 22-36. |
38 | MARISARLA S, NARAYANAN V, GHIA U, et al. Prediction of structural behavior of joined-wing configuration of high altitude long endurance (HALE) aircraft based on the sensor-craft model[C]∥ 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston: AIAA, 2003. |
39 | BLAIR M, CANFIELD R A, ROBERTS R W. Joined-wing aeroelastic design with geometric nonlinearity[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2005, 42(4): 832-848. |
40 | ROBINSON J. Structural testing and analysis of a joined wing technology demonstrator: AFRL-VA-WP-TR-2004-3048[R]. Dayton: Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. |
41 | BLAIR M, ROBINSON J, MCCLELLAND W A, et al. A joined-wing flight experiment: AFRL-RB-WP-TR-2008-3101[R]. Dayton: Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. |
42 | ADAMS B J. Structural stability of a joined-wing SensorCraft[D]. Dayton: Air Force Institute of Technology, 2007: 22-23. |
43 | LUCIA D. The SensorCraft configurations: A non-linear AeroServoElastic challenge for aviation[C]∥ 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2005. |
44 | COOPER J E. Experimental validation of an aeroelastically scaled SensorCraft model: GRANT 07-3111[R]. Liverpool: Liverpool University, 2009. |
45 | AARONS T, CANFIELD R, WOOLSEY C, et al. Design for flight test of a scaled joined wing SensorCraft[C]∥ 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2011. |
46 | RICHARDS J, GARNAND-ROYO J S, SULEMAN A, et al. Design and evaluation of aeroelastically tuned joined-wing SensorCraft flight test article[C]∥ 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2013. |
47 | VARTIO E, SHIMKO A, TILMANN C, et al. Structural modal control and gust load alleviation for a SensorCraft concept[C]∥ 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2005. |
48 | LOVE M, ZINK P, WIESELMANN P, et al. Body freedom flutter of high aspect ratio flying wings[C]∥ 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2005. |
49 | SILVA W, VARTIO E, SHIMKO A, et al. Development of aeroservoelastic analytical models and gust load alleviation control laws of a SensorCraft wind-tunnel model using measured data[C]∥ 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2006. |
50 | VARTIO E, SHAW E, VETTER T. Gust load alleviation flight control system design for a SensorCraft vehicle[C]∥ 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2008. |
51 | MANGALAM A, DAVIS M. Ground/flight correlation of aerodynamic loads with structural response[C]∥ 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston: AIAA, 2009. |
52 | GUO S J, SENSBURG O. Passive gust alleviation for a flying wing aircraft: AFRL-AFOSR-UK-TR-2013-0008[R]. Cranfield: Cranfield University, 2013. |
53 | GUO S J, SENSBURG O. Wind tunnel model and test to evaluate the effectiveness of a passive gust alleviation device for a flying wing aircraft: AFRL-AFOSR-UK-TR-2016-0025[R]. Cranfield: Cranfield University, 2016. |
54 | SUH P M, CHIN A W, MAVRIS D N. Virtual deformation control of the X-56A model with simulated fiber optic sensors: DFRC-E-DAA-TN10283[R]. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2014. |
55 | WARWICK G. NASA’s X-56 Demos Flutter Suppression Flexible Wing[J]. Aviation Week & Space Technology, 2018, 22: 180. |
56 | OUELLETTE J. Active structural control for aircraft efficiency with the X-56A aircraft: AFRC-E-DAA-TN27228. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2015. |
57 | YERLY E T, DELUCA A, JOO J J. Roll control evaluation of the X-56A flying wing aircraft using active camber control compared to conventional ailerons using vortex lattice theory[C]∥ 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2016. |
58 | GRAUER J A, BOUCHER M. Aeroelastic modeling of X-56A stiff-wing configuration flight test data[C]∥ AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2017. |
59 | CESNIK C, SU W H. Nonlinear aeroelastic modeling and analysis of fully flexible aircraft[C]∥ 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2005. |
60 | CRAVEY R L, VEDELER E, GOINS L, et al. Structurally integrated antenna concepts for HALE UAVs: TM-2006-214513[R]. Reston: AIAA, 2006. |
61 | 孙俊磊, 王和平, 周洲, 等. 基于天线安装的菱形翼无人机翼型优化设计[J]. 航空学报, 2017, 38(11): 121072. |
SUN J L, WANG H P, ZHOU Z, et al. Aerodynamic optimization design of diamond-wing configuration UAV airfoil based on radar antenna installation[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2017, 38(11): 121072 (in Chinese). | |
62 | 孙俊磊. 菱形翼布局飞机总体气动外形的研究与应用[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学, 2018: 207-209. |
SUN J L. Research and application of the overall aerodynamic shape of the diamond joined-wing configuration UAV[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2018: 207-209 (in Chinese). | |
63 | 许进林. 传感器无人机的机翼颤振抑制研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2010: 72-74. |
XU J L. Research of the airfoil’s flutter suppression for sensor unmanned aerial vehicle[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010: 72-74 (in Chinese). | |
64 | 晨枫. 预警机和无人机之双剑合璧——谈谈有人与无人预警机的各自角色[J]. 航空知识, 2022(9): 3. |
CHEN F. Combination of AWACS and UAVs—On the respective roles of manned and unmanned AWACS[J]. Aerospace Knowledge, 2022(9): 3 (in Chinese). | |
65 | NANGIA R. Towards designing novel high altitude joined-wing sensor-craft (HALE-UAV)[C]∥ AIAA International Air and Space Symposium and Exposition: The Next 100 Years. Reston: AIAA, 2003. |
66 | NANGIA R, PALMER M, TILMANN C. Unconventional high aspect ratio joined-wing aircraft with aft- and forward-swept wing-tips[C]∥ 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston: AIAA, 2003. |
67 | NANGIA R, PALMER M, TILMANN C. Unconventional high aspect ratio joined-wing aircraft incorporating laminar flow[C]∥ 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2003. |
68 | NAMGOONG H, CROSSLEY W A, LYRINTZIS A S. Aerodynamic optimization of a morphing airfoil using energy as an objective[J]. AIAA Journal, 2007, 45(9): 2113-2124. |
69 | NAMGOONG H, CROSSLEY W A, LYRINTZIS A S. Morphing airfoil design for minimum drag and actuation energy including aerodynamic work[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2012, 49(4): 981-990. |
70 | DRAKE A, SOLOMON W. Flight testing of a 30-degree sweep laminar flow wing for a high-altitude long-endurance aircraft[C]∥ 28th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2010. |
71 | SMITH B, GLEZER A, SMITH B, et al. Vectoring and small-scale motions effected in free shear flows using synthetic jet actuators[C]∥ 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston: AIAA, 1997. |
72 | YOU D. Active control of flow separation over an airfoil using synthetic jets[J]. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 2008, 24(8): 1349-1357. |
73 | 徐国亮, 符松. 可压缩横流失稳及其控制[J]. 力学进展, 2012, 42(3): 262-273. |
XU G L, FU S. The instability and control of compressible cross flows[J]. Advances in Mechanics, 2012, 42(3): 262-273 (in Chinese). | |
74 | 吴光辉, 陈迎春. 大型客机减阻机理及方法研究[M]. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2018: 397-409. |
WU G H, CHEN Y C. Investigation on the principles and methods of drag reduction for civil aircraft[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, 2018: 397-409 (in Chinese). | |
75 | CARPENTER A, SARIC W, REED H. Laminar flow control on a swept wing with distributed roughness[C]∥ 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2008. |
76 | REICH G W, BOWMAN J C, SANDERS B. Large-area aerodynamic control for high-altitude long-endurance sensor platforms[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2005, 42(1): 237-244. |
77 | YOUNGREN H. Multi-point design and optimization of an natural laminar flow airfoil for a mission adaptive compliant wing[C]∥ 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston: AIAA, 2008. |
78 | SMALLWOOD B P, TERZUOLI A J, CANFIELD R A. Structurally integrated antennas for remote sensing[C]∥ 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2003: 4252-4254. |
79 | BURRIS P, DEMPSTER J. Flight testing structural performance of the LAMS flight control system[C]∥ 2nd Simulation and Support Conference. Reston: AIAA, 1968. |
80 | PAYNE B W. Designing a load alleviation system for a modern civil aircraft[C]∥ 15th Congress of the International Council of Aeronautical Sciences. London: ICAS, 1986: 283-291. |
81 | YAGIL L, RAVEH D E, IDAN M. Elastic deformations control of highly flexible aircraft in trimmed flight and gust encounter[C]∥ 58th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2017. |
82 | FONTE F, TOFFOL F, RICCI S. Design of a wing tip device for active maneuver and gust load alleviation[C]∥ 2018 AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2018. |
83 | CASTRICHINI A, SIDDARAMAIAH V H, CALDERON D E, et al. Nonlinear folding wing tips for gust loads alleviation[C]∥ 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2016. |
84 | Scott R C, Castelluccio M A, Coulson D A, et al. Aeroservoelastic wind-tunnel tests of a free-flying, joined-wing SensorCraft model for gust load alleviation[C]∥ 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2011. |
85 | SCOTT M, ENKE A, FLANAGAN J. SensorCraft free-flying aeroservoelastic model: Design and fabrication[C]∥ 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2011. |
86 | 杨阳. 大展弦比柔性飞机阵风减缓及飞行验证[D]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学, 2020: 69-74. |
YANG Y. Gust alleviation and flight test validation of high-aspect-ratio flexible aircraft[D]. Beijing: Beihang University, 2020: 69-74 (in Chinese). | |
87 | ROESCH P, HARLAN R. A passive gust alleviation system for light aircraft[C]∥ Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. Reston: AIAA, 1974. |
88 | PERRON S G, DRELA M. Passive gust load alleviation through bend-twist coupling of composite beams on typical commercial airplane wings[C]∥ 54th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2013. |
89 | COOPER J, MILLER S, SENSBURG O, et al. Optimization of a scaled SensorCraft model with passive gust alleviation[C]∥ 12th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2008. |
90 | COOPER J E, CHEKKAL I, CHEUNG R C M, et al. Design of a morphing wingtip[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2015, 52(5): 1394-1403. |
91 | 李道春, 向锦武, 张志飞, 等. 一种主动和被动相结合的固定翼飞机阵风减缓的控制方法: CN108516101B[P]. 2020-02-14. |
LI D C, XIANG J W, ZHANG Z F, et al. Active and passive combined fixed-wing aircraft gust alleviation control method: CN108516101B[P]. 2020-02-14 (in Chinese). | |
92 | RIZK M S A S, MORRIS G, CLIFTON M P. Projected aperture synthesis method for the design of conformal array antennas[C]∥ 4th International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP 85). Piscataway: IEEE Press, 1985: 48-52. |
93 | BUCCI O M, D’ELIA G, MAZZARELLA G, et al. Antenna pattern synthesis: A new general approach[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1994, 82(3): 358-371. |
94 | SUREAU J C, KEEPING K. Sidelobe control in cylindrical arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1982, 30(5): 1027-1031. |
95 | GREDA L A, KOENEN C, BASTA N, et al. SEQAR: An efficient MATLAB tool for design and analysis of conformal antenna arrays [EM programmer’s notebook][J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2014, 56(4): 178-187. |
96 | HU W Q, WANG X S, LI Y Z, et al. Synthesis of conformal arrays with matched dual-polarized patterns[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2016, 15: 1341-1344. |
97 | BUTTAZZONI G, VESCOVO R. Deterministic and stochastic approach to the synthesis of conformal arrays for SAR applications[C]∥ 2013 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2013: 520-523. |
98 | FERREIRA J A, ARES F. Pattern synthesis of conformal arrays by the simulated annealing technique[J]. Electronics Letters, 1997, 33(14): 1187-1189. |
99 | 赵菲. 共形相控阵天线分析综合技术与实验研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科学技术大学, 2012: 161-170. |
ZHAO F. Analysis and synthesis study of conformal phased antenna array and experiment[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2012: 161-170 (in Chinese). | |
100 | 刘燕. 入侵杂草优化算法在阵列天线综合中的应用[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2015: 90-97. |
LIU Y. Invasive weed optimization algorithm for the synthesis of antenna arrays[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2015: 90-97 (in Chinese). | |
101 | TUSS J, LOCKYER A, ALT K, et al. Conformal loadbearing antenna structure[C]∥ 37th Structure, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 1996. |
102 | LOCKYER A J, ALT K H, KINSLOW R W, et al. Development of a structurally integrated conformal load-bearing multifunction antenna: Overview of the Air Force Smart Skin Structures Technology Demonstration Program[C]∥ 1996 Symposium on Smart Structures and Materials. San Diego: International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1996, 2722: 55-64. |
103 | LOCKYER A J, ALT K H, COUGHLIN D P, et al. Design and development of a conformal load-bearing smart skin antenna: Overview of the AFRL Smart Skin Structures Technology Demonstration (S3TD)[J]. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1999, 3674: 410-424. |
104 | ALT K H, LOCKYER A J, COUGHLIN D P, et al. Overview of the DoD’s rf multifunction structural aperture (MUSTRAP) program[J]. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2001, 4334: 137-146. |
105 | DOUGLAS B. Conformal consensus[J]. Aviation Week & Space Technology, 2006, 165(17): 51. |
106 | BERDEN M J, MCCARVILLE D A. Structurally integrated X-band antenna large scale component wing test[C]∥ 2007 International Symposium Proceedings of the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering. Covina: SAMPE, 2007: 1-15. |
107 | URCIA M, BANKS D. Structurally integrated phased arrays[C]∥ 2011 Aerospace Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2011: 1-8. |
108 | KNOTT P. Antenna design and beamforming for a conformal antenna array demonstrator[C]∥ 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2006: 9109921. |
109 | JOSEFSSON L, PERSSON P. Conformal array antenna theory and design[M]. New York: Wiley, 2006: 1-15. |
110 | ALBERTSON N J, CANFIELD R A. Electromagnetic modeling of large phased arrays of structurally embedded waveguides[C]∥ 58th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2017. |
111 | SCHIPPERS H, VERPOORTE J. Overview and main achievements of the ACASIAS project[C]∥ Schippers 2020 Overview AM. Marknesse: NLR, 2020: 1-2. |
112 | BAEK S M, LIM S J, KO M G, et al. Structural design, fabrication and static testing of smart composite skin structure: Conformal load-bearing SATCOM array antenna structure (CLSAAS)[J]. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2020, 21(1): 50-62. |
113 | ZHOU J Z, LI H T, KANG L, et al. Design, fabrication, and testing of active skin antenna with 3D printing array framework[J]. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2017(4): 7516323. |
114 | PENG J J, QU S W, XIA M Y, et al. Wide-scanning conformal phased array antenna for UAV radar based on polyimide film[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2020, 19(9): 1581-1585. |
115 | HE Q Q, DING S, XING C, et al. Research on structurally integrated phased array for wireless communications[J]. IEEE Access, 8: 52359-52369. |
116 | BAEK S M, KO M G, KIM M S, et al. Structural design of conformal load-bearing array antenna structure (CLAAS)[J]. Advanced Composite Materials, 2017, 26(S1): 29-42. |
117 | 潘兴琳. 基于光纤光栅的结构变形测量系统研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2018: 1-2. |
PAN X L. Development of deformation measurement system based on fiber bragg grating[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2018: 1-2 (in Chinese). | |
118 | BARTLEY-CHO J, WANG D, KUDVA J. Shape estimation of deforming structures[C]∥ 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2001. |
119 | JIANG G W, FU S H, CHAO Z C, et al. Pose-relay videometrics based ship deformation measurement system and sea trials[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(1): 113-118. |
120 | DERKEVORKIAN A, MASRI S F, ALVARENGA J, et al. Strain-based deformation shape-estimation algorithm for control and monitoring applications[J]. AIAA Journal, 2013, 51(9): 2231-2240. |
121 | DEMOULIN Q, LEFEBVRE-ALBARET F, BASARAB A, et al. A new flexible photogrammetry instrumentation for estimating wing deformation in Airbus[C]∥ The European Test and Telemetry Conference (ETTC2020). Nuremberg: AMA Service GmbH, 2020: 148-156. |
122 | SCHIPPERS H, VAN TONGEREN J H, KNOTT P, et al. Vibrating antennas and compensation techniques research in NATO/RTO/SET 087/RTG 50[C]∥ 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2007: 1-13. |
123 | VAN TONGEREN J H, VAN ES J J, SCHIPPERS H, et al. Antenna arrays for in-flight measurement of deformed shapes[C]∥ Proceedings of ISMA 2014. Leuven: ISMA, 2014: 1135-1147. |
124 | PETER W M. A new twist in flight research: The F-18 active aeroelastic wing project[M]. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2013: 35-38. |
125 | 裴晓增, 娄小平, 孙广开, 等. 浮空器柔性复合蒙皮形变光纤光栅传感实验研究[J]. 光学技术, 2020, 46(1): 76-82. |
PEI X Z, LOU X P, SUN G K, et al. Experimental study on fiber Bragg grating sensing of flexible composite skin-shaped aerostat[J]. Optical Technique, 2020, 46(1): 76-82 (in Chinese). | |
126 | MILLER E. Aerostructures research at NASA Armstrong flight research center: DFRC-E-DAA-TN28392[R]. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2015. |
127 | CHIN A W, TRUONG S, SPIVEY N. X-56A structural dynamics ground testing overview and lessons learned[C]∥ AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. Reston: AIAA, 2020. |
128 | SHIN H S, CASTANO L M, HUMBERT J S, et al. Sensing skin for detecting wing deformation with embedded soft strain sensors[C]∥ 2016 IEEE Sensors. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2016: 1-3. |
129 | FOSS G C, HAUGSE E D. Using modal test results to develop strain to displacement transformations[C]∥ Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering. Bellingham: SPIE, 1995: 112-115. |
130 | 南荣昌, 周金柱, 唐宝富, 等. 机翼蒙皮天线的形变重构方法和实验[J]. 电子机械工程, 2020, 36(5): 1-6, 54. |
NAN R C, ZHOU J Z, TANG B F, et al. Deformation reconstruction method and experiment of wing skin antenna[J]. Electro-Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 36(5): 1-6, 54 (in Chinese). | |
131 | KO W, RICHARDS W, TRAN V T. Displacement theories for in-flight deformed shape predictions of aerospace structures: NASA/TP-2007-214612[R]. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2007. |
132 | KO W, FLEISCHER V. Methods for in-flight wing shape predictions of highly flexible unmanned aerial vehicles: Formulation of Ko displacement theory: NASA/TP-2010-214656[R]. Washington, D.C.: NASA, 2010. |
133 | PAK C G. Wing shape sensing from measured strain[J]. AIAA Journal, 2016, 54(3): 1068-1077. |
134 | TESSLER A, SPANGLER J L. A least-squares variational method for full-field reconstruction of elastic deformations in shear-deformable plates and shells[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 194(2-5): 327-339. |
135 | PAPA U, RUSSO S, LAMBOGLIA A, et al. Health structure monitoring for the design of an innovative UAS fixed wing through inverse finite element method (iFEM)[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2017, 69: 439-448. |
136 | 张科, 袁慎芳, 任元强, 等. 基于逆向有限元法的变形机翼鱼骨的变形重构[J]. 航空学报, 2020, 41(8): 223617. |
ZHANG K, YUAN S F, REN Y Q, et al. Shape reconstruction of self-adaptive morphing wings’ fishbone based on inverse finite element method[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2020, 41(8): 223617 (in Chinese). | |
137 | GLASER R, CACCESE V, SHAHINPOOR M. Shape monitoring of a beam structure from measured strain or curvature[J]. Experimental Mechanics, 2012, 52(6): 591-606. |
138 | 何凯. 柔性结构分布式光纤形态感知与三维重构技术研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2018: 72-74. |
HE K. Research on morphology perception and 3D reconstruction of flexible structure based on distributed optical fiber sensor[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018: 72-74 (in Chinese). | |
139 | MATHIA K, PRIDDY K. Real-time geometrical approximation of flexible structures using neural networks[C]∥ 1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Intelligent Systems for the 21st Century. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 1995: 2099-2102. |
140 | FENG S Y, BAO H, PAN X L. A fuzzy network method for the airfoil long baseline antenna deformation measurement[C]∥ Fifth Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics (AISM 2015). Hertfordshire: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015: 1-6. |
141 | ALGERMISSEN S, MONNER H P, KNOTT P, et al. Closed-loop subspace identification for vibration control of structure integrated antenna arrays[C]∥ 2011 Aerospace Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2011: 1-12. |
142 | 胡乃岗, 保宏, 连培园, 等. 大型相控阵天线结构与调整机构一体化设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2015, 51(1): 196-202. |
HU N G, BAO H, LIAN P Y, et al. Synthetic design of structure and adjustment mechanism of large phased array antennas[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 51(1): 196-202 (in Chinese). | |
143 | SCHIPPERS H, VAN TONGEREN J H, VOS G. Development of smart antennas on vibrating structures of aerospace platforms of conformal antennas on aircraft structures[C]∥ Multifunctional Structures/Integration of Sensors and Antennas. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2006: 2-5. |
144 | KNOTT P. Deformation and vibration of conformal antenna arrays and compensation techniques: RTO-MP-AVT-141[R]. Waterberg: Fgan-Fhr Research Inst for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques Wachtberg, 2006. |
145 | TSAO J. Adaptive phase compensation for distorted phased array by minimum sidelobe response criteria[C]∥International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Society, Merging Technologies for the 90’s. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 1990: 1466-1469. |
146 | STEYSKAL M, MAILLOUX R J. Generalization of a phased array error correction method[C]∥ IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 1996: 506-509. |
147 | 刘双荣. 面向服役环境的有源相控阵天线结构补偿方法研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2019: 83-87. |
LIU S R. The service-environment-oriented mechanical and structural compensation of active phased array antenna(APAA)[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2019: 83-87 (in Chinese). |
[1] | 同航, 张良吉, 高瑞彪, 陈伟杰, 乔渭阳. 风扇三维设计阶段宽频噪声快速评估方法及运用[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(24): 128606-128606. |
[2] | 屠园园, 王大轶, 张香燕, 李嘉兴, 黄晓峰. 航天器的可重构性与自主重构方法[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(23): 628855-628855. |
[3] | 丁玉临, 韩忠华, 乔建领, 聂晗, 宋文萍, 宋笔锋. 超声速民机总体气动布局设计关键技术研究进展[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(2): 626310-626310. |
[4] | 李永洲, 孙迪, 王仁华, 张堃元. 非均匀来流的马赫数可控内收缩进气道设计[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(12): 127857-127857. |
[5] | 何程, 马东立, 贾玉红, 杨穆清, 陈刚. 联翼布局传感器飞机多目标优化设计[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(12): 224761-224761. |
[6] | 史则颖, 叶冬, 彭子寒, 谢寒, 王洪扬, 蒋宇, 黄永安. 飞行器共形天线新型制造工艺及应用研究进展[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(10): 524812-524812. |
[7] | 张文浩, 柳军, 丁峰. 内转式进气道/冯·卡门乘波体一体化设计方法[J]. 航空学报, 2020, 41(3): 123502-123502. |
[8] | 马赞, 周中华, 王鹏, 胡剑波, 柯炳清. 仅用作航空器追踪的北斗机载设备适航要求分析[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(11): 323155-323155. |
[9] | 蒋永松, 郑文涛, 赵航, 杨明绥, 王咏梅. 风扇出口导向叶片低噪声设计Ⅰ:方法与优化[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(10): 122955-122955. |
[10] | 郑文涛, 蒋永松, 赵航, 潘若痴, 赵勇. 风扇出口导向叶片低噪声设计Ⅱ:数值验证[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(10): 122956-122956. |
[11] | 申蒸洋, 陈孝明, 黄领才. 大型水陆两栖飞机特殊任务模式对总体设计的挑战[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(1): 522400-522400. |
[12] | 方群, 刘怡思, 王雪峰. 空天飞行器弹道/轨道一体化设计[J]. 航空学报, 2018, 39(4): 121398-121398. |
[13] | 王曼, 杨家勇, 何二锋, 涂冰. 高温合金前缘热防护结构隔热性能分析[J]. 航空学报, 2016, 37(S1): 53-58. |
[14] | 李书, 王黎, 吴烁, 申东, 黄瑞, 王强. 面向飞/发一体化设计的高温尾喷口流场分析[J]. 航空学报, 2016, 37(1): 364-370. |
[15] | 李永洲, 张堃元. 基于马赫数分布可控曲面外/内锥形基准流场的前体/进气道一体化设计[J]. 航空学报, 2015, 36(1): 289-301. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
版权所有 © 航空学报编辑部
版权所有 © 2011航空学报杂志社
主管单位:中国科学技术协会 主办单位:中国航空学会 北京航空航天大学