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面向运载火箭栅格舵的最优操纵效率特征与宽速域气动优化设计方法

刘明奇1,韩忠华1,杜涛2,许晨舟1,曾涵1,张科施3,4,宋文萍1   

  1. 1. 西北工业大学
    2. 北京宇航系统工程研究所
    3.
    4. 西北工业大学航空学院
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-18 修回日期:2024-04-04 出版日期:2024-04-10 发布日期:2024-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 韩忠华
  • 基金资助:
    新概念前掠自然层流机翼的横流不稳定性抑制机理与优化设计

The characteristics of the optimal handling efficiency and the wide-Mach-number aerodynamic shape optimization design method for the grid fins of launch vehicle

  • Received:2023-11-18 Revised:2024-04-04 Online:2024-04-10 Published:2024-04-10
  • Contact: HAN Zhong-Hua

摘要: 宽速域栅格舵是目前运载火箭子级重复使用的关键技术之一。栅格舵在一子级返回飞行过程中经历亚、跨、超和高超声速多个速域,在不同速域下表现出截然不同的操纵效率和气动特性,甚至相互矛盾,使得高效率的宽速域栅格舵气动设计面临极大挑战。本文针对上述问题,应用基于机器学习代理模型的气动优化设计方法,分别开展了栅格舵在亚声速、跨声速和超声速典型状态的气动优化设计,获得了不同速域下的最优气动外形。并分析揭示了不同速域下栅格舵最优操纵效率的流动机制,可为后续设计提供指导。由于不同速域优化机制的不同,造成了不同速域优化设计之间存在矛盾。针对上述矛盾,开展了宽速域栅格舵多目标气动优化设计,兼顾考虑亚、跨和超声速三个速域的影响,优化结果显著改善了栅格舵宽速域气动性能,提高了栅格舵操纵效率。

关键词: 栅格舵, 宽速域, 气动优化设计, 代理模型, 计算流体力学

Abstract: Wide-Mach-number grid fins is one of the key technologies for re-use of sub-stages of launch vehicle. In the course of a substage return flight, grid fins goes through multiple speed domains of sub, tran, super and hypersonic. In different speed domains, the handling efficiency and aerodynamic characteristics of grid fins are completely different, and even contradictory, which makes the aerodynamic design of wide-Mach-number grid fins with high efficiency facing great challenges. Aiming at the above problems, this paper applies the aerodynamic optimization design method based on machine learning surrogate model to carry out aerodynamic optimization design of grid fins in subsonic, transonic and supersonic typical states respectively, and obtains the optimal aerodynamic configuration in different speed domains. The flow mechanism of the optimal handling efficiency of the grid fins in different speed domains is analyzed and revealed, which can provide guidance for the subsequent design. Because of the different optimization mechanisms of different speed domains, there are contradictions between the optimal designs of different speed domains. In view of the above contradictions, the multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of wide-Mach-number grid fins is carried out, taking into account the influence of sub, tran and supersonic speed domains. The optimization results significantly improve the wide-Mach-number aerodynamic performance of grid fins and improve the optimal handling efficiency of grid fins.

Key words: grid fins, wide-Mach-number-range, aerodynamic shape optimization, surrogate model, computational fluid dynamics

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