基于CFD/CSD耦合方法的新型桨尖旋翼气动弹性载荷计算

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0519

流体力学与飞行力学

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基于CFD/CSD耦合方法的新型桨尖旋翼气动弹性载荷计算

王俊毅, 招启军, 肖宇

南京航空航天大学直升机旋翼动力学国家级重点实验室, 江苏南京 210016

收稿日期:2013-11-06 修回日期:2014-01-13 出版日期:2014-09-25 发布日期:2014-01-22
通讯作者: 招启军，Tel.：025-84893753 E-mail：zhaoqijun@nuaa.edu.cn E-mail:zhaoqijun@nuaa.edu.cn
作者简介:王俊毅男，硕士研究生。主要研究方向：直升机旋翼空气动力学及气动弹性力学。Tel：025-84893753 E-mail：jywang@nuaa.edu.cn；招启军男，博士，教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向：直升机空气动力学、计算流体动力学、旋翼气动外形设计、主动流动控制、气动噪声模拟与控制以及总体设计。Tel：025-84893753 E-mail：zhaoqijun@nuaa.edu.cn；肖宇男，博士研究生。主要研究方向：直升机旋翼空气动力学及气动弹性力学。Tel：025-84893753 E-mail：xiaoyu@nuaa.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（11272150）

Calculations on Aeroelastic Loads of Rotor with Advanced Blade-tip Based on CFD/CSD Coupling Method

WANG Junyi, ZHAO Qijun, XIAO Yu

National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Rotorcraft Aeromechanics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

Received:2013-11-06 Revised:2014-01-13 Online:2014-09-25 Published:2014-01-22
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (11272150)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高旋翼非定常气动弹性载荷的分析精度，在刚性旋翼计算流体力学（CFD）方法中引入计算结构动力学（CSD）方法，建立了一套适合于新型桨尖旋翼气动弹性载荷分析的CFD/CSD耦合方法。旋翼流场分析采用Navier-Stokes/Euler方程作为控制方程，围绕旋翼生成运动嵌套网格。在流场求解中，采用双时间法推进，通量计算采用Jameson中心格式，并采用B-L（Baldwin-Lomax）湍流模型。基于Hamilton变分原理和中等变形梁理论开展桨叶弹性运动变形分析，并发展了一套具有任意转角梁单元的新方法以提高新型桨尖旋翼的动力学分析精度。采用基于代数变换方法的网格变形策略，建立了一套CFD/CSD松耦合方法，桨叶运动变形和旋翼气动力信息通过流固交接面传递。首先分别对CSD和CFD模块进行了验证，然后计算了UH-60A旋翼在高速前飞状态下的气动弹性载荷，并与试验值进行了对比，最后重点对旋翼桨尖形状进行了参数分析。计算结果表明，相比于升力线理论和刚性旋翼CFD方法，CFD/CSD耦合方法可以显著提高旋翼非定常气动弹性载荷的分析精度，并能更准确地反映新型桨尖旋翼的气动弹性耦合效应；同时采用后掠桨尖在桨叶前行侧30°~90°方位角范围可以显著降低激波强度，有利于改善旋翼的气动特性。

关键词: 旋翼, 气动弹性载荷, 新型桨尖, 计算流体力学, 计算结构动力学, 松耦合

Abstract:

Computational structural dynamics (CSD) is introduced into rigid rotor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to enhance the accuracy of the unsteady aeroelastic load analysis of a rotor, and a CFD/CSD coupling method suitable for the aeroelastic analysis of a rotor with an advanced blade-tip is developed. The Navier-Stokes/Euler equations are adopted as the governing equations, and moving-embedded grids are generated around the rotor in forward flight. In the flowfield analysis, a dual time-stepping algorithm is employed in temporal discretization, while Jameson's central scheme is adopted in spatial discretization and a B-L(Baldwin-Lomax) turbulence model is included. The blade motion analysis is conducted based on Hamilton's variational principle and moderate deflection beam theory, and a new beam element method with an arbitrary junction angle is established to improve the accuracy of dynamics analysis on the rotor with an advanced blade-tip. The blade grid is deformed using algebraic transformation strategy, and a CFD/CSD loose coupling method is developed with blade motions and rotor airloads being transferred through the fluid-structure interface. The CSD and CFD modules are validated respectively, and the aeroelastic loads on a UH-60A rotor in high speed forward flight condition are calculated and compared with test data. Then, parametric investigations are carried out with emphasis on blade-tip shapes. The calculated results indicate that the present CFD/CSD method is able to improve the prediction accuracy of unsteady aeroelastic loads on the rotor as compared with the lifting-line method and rigid rotor CFD method, and the aeroelastic coupling effect of the rotor with the advanced blade-tip can be analyzed more precisely. Meanwhile, it is shown that a swept blade-tip shape can reduce the strength of shock at the advancing side between 30° and 90° azimuth angles, resulting in improved aerodynamic characteristics of the rotor.

Key words: rotor, aeroelastic load, advanced blade-tip, computational fluid dynamics, computational structural dynamics, loose coupling

中图分类号:

V211.47
O343

王俊毅, 招启军, 肖宇. 基于CFD/CSD耦合方法的新型桨尖旋翼气动弹性载荷计算[J]. 航空学报, 2014, 35(9): 2426-2437.

WANG Junyi, ZHAO Qijun, XIAO Yu. Calculations on Aeroelastic Loads of Rotor with Advanced Blade-tip Based on CFD/CSD Coupling Method[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2014, 35(9): 2426-2437.

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E-mail：hkxb@buaa.edu.cn

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主管单位：中国科学技术协会主办单位：中国航空学会北京航空航天大学

基于CFD/CSD耦合方法的新型桨尖旋翼气动弹性载荷计算

Calculations on Aeroelastic Loads of Rotor with Advanced Blade-tip Based on CFD/CSD Coupling Method

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