5颗导航用X射线脉冲星计时分析

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.26588

Abstract

Abstract:

The timing analysis of pulsars， the basis for pulsar navigation and pulsar time research， provides accurate timing model parameters and radiation information of the pulsar. This work provides a systematic summary of pulsar timing analysis methods and timing analysis results of the five most widely used pulsars in current pulsar navigation including the Crab pulsar and PSR B1509-58 whose observations are made from the “Insight”Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope （HXMT） in China， and PSRs J1821-2452A， J1939+2134 and J0030 +0451 whose observations are made from the Neutron-star Interior Composition Explorer （NICER）. Through the analysis of high precision timing observations from “Insight” HXMT and NICER in 2017-2021， the latest rotation characteristics and physical information of pulsars are obtained. On the one hand， the latest X-ray ephemeris of the pulsar with long period time and higher accuracy of rotation parameters are given， and it is proved that high precision ephemeris can be obtained independently in X-ray. On the other hand， clear and significant integrated pulse profiles for five pulsars are established， in which the pulse profiles of the three millisecond pulsars within the selected energy bands are the most accurate， which can provide the latest standard template for pulsar navigation research. This work only analyzes the X-ray observations of pulsars， and using multiple telescopes at home and abroad to carry out multi-band joint timing analysis will be an important direction of pulsar timing research in the future.

Key words: pulsar, navigation, X-ray, timing analysis, ephemeris

CLC Number:

Linli YAN, Mingyu GE, Youli TUO, Qingyong ZHOU, Wentao YE, Shijie ZHENG, Dawei HAN. Timing analysis for five navigation X-ray pulsars[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(3): 526588.

Figures/Tables 15

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 4

Fig. 7

Fig. 9

Fig. 8

Ephemerides of four pulsars

PSRJ	PSR J1513-5908	PSR J0030+0451	PSR J1824-2452A	PSR J1939+2134
RAJ	15：13：55.640	00：30：27.427 81	18：24：32.007 88	19：39：38.561 224
DECJ	-59：08：09.40	+04：51：39.711 3	-24：52：10.834	+21：34：59.125 70
F0	6.580 972 327 6（15）	205.530 698 996 69（9）	327.405 535 584 311（36）	641.928 221 439 143（28）
F1	-6.607 118（89）×10^-11	-4.093（18）×10^-16	-1.735 284 8（74）×10^-13	-4.330 612（59）×10^-14
F2	1.847（26）×10^-21	-3.73（25）×10^-24	-1.05（10）×10^-24	1.59（75）×10^-25
PEPOCH	58 150	58 500	58 500	58 500
POSEPOCH	50 678	55 390	54 500	55 000
START	57 933	57 959	57 933	57 933
FINISH	58 375	59 185	59 133	59 171
UNITS	TDB	TDB	TDB	TDB
EPHEM	DE405	DE405	DE405	DE405
NTOA	103	109	108	145
RMS（μs）	3 701.265	35.676	10.923	5.523
$ϕ 0$		0.834（1）	0.640 1（2）	0.496 9（2）

Fig. 8

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

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载荷	HE	ME	LE
探测器类型	NaI	Si-PIN	SCD
探测器总面积/cm²	约5 100	952	384
观测能区/keV	20~350	8~35	1~12
能量分辨率/FWHM	≤17%@60 keV	15%@20 keV	2.5%@6 keV
时间分辨率	4 μs	240 μs	1 ms

名称	赤经	赤纬	自转周期P0/ms	周期导数P1	距离/ kpc	表面磁场/ G	自转能损率/ （ergs·s^-1）	特征年龄/a
Crab	05：34：31.940	+22°：00′：52.200″	29.947	4.210×10^-13	2.000	3.79×10¹²	4.5×10³⁸	1.26×10³
PSR B1509-58	15：13：55.811	-59°：08′：09.600″	151.840	1.529×10^-12	4.400	1.54×10¹³	1.7×10³⁷	1.57×10³
PSR J0030+0451	00：30：27.428	+04°：51′：39.711″	4.865	1.017×10^-20	0.325	2.25×10⁸	3.5×10³³	7.58×10⁹
PSR J1821-2452A	18：24：32.008	-24°：52′：10.834″	3.054	1.619×10^-18	5.500	2.25×10⁹	2.2×10³⁶	2.99×10⁷
PSR J1939+2134	19：39：38.561	+21°：34′：59.126″	1.558	1.051×10^-19	3.500	4.09×10⁸	1.1×10³⁶	2.35×10⁸

名称	观测器	观测时间范围	观测次数	曝光时间/（10³s）
Crab	HXMT	2017-08-27—2021-01-14	340	604（HE） 769（ME）
PSR B1509-58	HXMT	2017-07-06—2018-09-13	48	94（HE） 145（ME）
PSR B1509-58	NICER	2017-06-29—2017-08-11	13	16
PSR J0030+0451	NICER	2017-07-24—2020-12-31	495	3 152
PSR J1821-2452A	NICER	2017-06-25—2020-12-31	358	989
PSR J1939+2134	NICER	2017-06-24—2020-12-31	500	1 786

名称	探测器	a₁	b₁	c₁	a₂	b₂	c₂
PSR B1508-58	ME	0.683 0±0.077 0	1.049 0±0.008 0	0.154 0±0.017 0	0.276 0±0.074 0	1.192 0±0.066 0	0.474 0±0.100 0
PSR B1508-58	HE	0.325 0±0.053 0	0.992 0±0.007 0	0.059 0±0.012 0	0.832 0±0.037 0	1.089 0±0.007 0	0.202 0±0.007 0
PSR J0030+0451	XTI	0.963 0±0.008 0	0.834 0±0.001 0	0.161 0±0.002 0	0.699 0±0.008 0	0.368 0±0.001 0	0.149 0±0.002 0
PSR J1821-2452A	XTI	0.012 6±0.000 4	0.019 3±0.000 8	0.189 6±0.000 5	0.010 6±0.000 2	0.010 5±0.000 2	0.640 1±0.000 2
PSR J1939+2134	XTI	0.010 1±0.000 1	0.009 7±0.000 2	0.496 9±0.000 1	0.004 1±0.000 5	0.011 1±0.001 6	1.025 5±0.001 1

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Timing analysis for five navigation X-ray pulsars

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