大型结冰风洞云雾场适航应用符合性验证

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.23879

Abstract

Abstract: The compliance of the cloud flowfield of large icing wind tunnels is the foundation of their airworthiness application. To verify the compliance of the cloud flowfield of the 3 m×2 m icing wind tunnel, a verification method based on SAE ARP5905 is firstly developed, followed by a verification test on the main test section, from which the fitting relationships of droplet sizes and liquid water content are obtained. In addition, the effect of the nozzle water pressure, droplet sizes, test section velocity and nozzle number on the test section liquid water content are examined. Finally, the icing cloud operating envelop is built for the main test section. Results show that the distribution of droplet sizes is unimodal and the simulation range is approximately from 10 to 75 μm. Furthermore, the liquid water content in the center of the test section increases as the nozzle water pressure and Median Volume Diameter (MVD) increase, while approximately inversely proportional to the test section velocity and proportional to the nozzle number. Increased nozzle water pressure and nozzle number would enhance the spatial uniformity of the cloud liquid water content in the test section; however, increased test section velocity could reduce the spatial uniformity of the cloud. Moreover, although the icing cloud operating envelop of the 3 m×2 m icing wind tunnel for the main test section could cover most of the icing atmospheric conditions listed in Appendix C, Part 25 of FAR, limitations still exist for simulations under low liquid water content conditions.

Key words: aircraft icing, icing wind tunnel, main test section, cloud flowfield, airworthiness application

CLC Number:

V221.3

GUO Xiangdong, ZHANG Pingtao, ZHAO Zhao, LAI Qingren, GUO Long. Airworthiness application compliance verification of cloud flowfield in large icing wind tunnel[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2020, 41(10): 123879-123879.

References

[1] 林贵平, 卜雪琴, 申晓斌, 等. 飞机结冰与防冰技术[M]. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2016. LIN G P, BU X Q, SHEN X B, et al. Aircraft icing and anti-icing technology[M]. Beijing:Beihang University Press, 2016(in Chinese).
[2] 桂业伟,周志宏,李颖晖,等. 关于飞机结冰的多重安全边界问题[J].航空学报,2017,38(2):520723. GUI Y W, ZHOU Z H, LI Y H, et al. Multiple safety boundaries protection on aircraft icing[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2017, 38(2):520723(in Chinese).
[3] 韩志熔,赵克良,颜巍. 格尼襟翼在冰风洞混合翼设计中的应用[J].航空学报,2019,40(2):522387. HAN Z R, ZHAO K L, YAN W. Application of Gumey flap in hybrid-wing design for icing wind tunnel[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2019, 40(2):522387(in Chinese).
[4] Society of Automotive Engineers. Calibration and acceptance of icing wind tunnels:SAE ARP-5905[S]. Society of Automotive Engineers, 2015.
[5] IDE R F, OLDENBURG J R. Icing cloud calibration of the NASA Glenn icing research tunnel:NASA/TM-2001-210689[R].Washington, D. C.:NASA, 2001.
[6] IDE R F, SHELDON D W. 2006 icing cloud calibration of the NASA Glenn icing research tunnel:NASA/TM-2008-215177[R].Washington, D. C.:NASA, 2008.
[7] VAN ZANTE J F, IDE R F, STEEN L E. NASA Glenn icing research tunnel:2012 cloud calibration procedure and results[C]//4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston:AIAA, 2012.
[8] VAN ZANTE J F, IDE R F, STEEN L E. NASA Glenn icing research tunnel:2014 cloud calibration procedures and results:NASA/TM-2014-218392[R]. Washington, D.C.:NASA, 2014.
[9] KING-STEEN L E, IDE R F, VAN ZANTE J F, et al. NASA Glenn icing research tunnel:2014 and 2015 cloud calibration procedures and results:NASA/TM-2015-218758[R]. Washington, D. C.:NASA, 2015.
[10] ESPOSITO B M, RAGNI A, FERRIGNO F. Cloud calibration update of the CIRA icing wind tunnel:SAE 2003-01-2312[R]. 2003.
[11] BELLUCCI M, ESPOSITO B M, MARRAZZO M, et al. Calibration of the CIRA IWT in the low speed configuration[C]//45th AIAA Aerospace Science Meeting and Exhibit. Reston:AIAA, 2007.
[12] RAGNI A, ESPOSITO B, MARRAZZO M, et al. Calibration of the CIRA IWT in the high speed configuration[C]//43th AIAA Aerospace Science Meeting and Exhibit. Reston:AIAA, 2005.
[13] CHINTAMANI S, BELTER D L. Design features and flow qualities of the boeing research aerodynamic icing tunnel[C]//32nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston:AIAA, 1994.
[14] IRANI E, AL-KHALIL K. Calibration and recent upgrades to the cox icing wind tunnel[C]//46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston:AIAA, 2008.
[15] HERMAN E. Goodrich icing wind tunnel overview, improvements and capabilities[C]//44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston:AIAA, 2006.
[16] OLESKIW M M, HYDE F H, PENNA P J. In-flight icing simulation capabilities of NRC's altitude icing wind tunnel[C]//39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston:AIAA, 2001.
[17] 符澄,彭强,张海洋,等. 结冰风洞喷嘴雾化特性研究[J].实验流体力学,2015,29(2):32-36. FU C, PENG Q, ZHANG H Y, et al. The atomization characteristics research for spray nozzle of icing wind tunnel[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2015, 29(2):32-36(in Chinese).
[18] 符澄,彭强,张海洋,等. 结冰风洞环境对喷嘴雾化特性的影响初步研究[J].实验流体力学,2015,29(3):30-34. FU C, PENG Q, ZHANG H Y, et al. Preliminary research on spray nozzle atomization characteristics in icing wind tunnel environment[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2015, 29(3):30-34(in Chinese).
[19] 程尧,张平涛,郭向东,等. 机载式相位多普勒干涉仪在结冰风洞的应用[J].兵工自动化,2017, 36(9):55-57. CHENG Y, ZHANG P T, GUO X D. Application of PDI-FPDR in icing wind tunnel[J].Ordnance Industry Automation, 2017, 36(9):55-57(in Chinese).
[20] 郭龙,程尧,王梓旭. 结冰风洞试验段云雾粒径测量与控制实验研究[J].实验流体力学,2018,32(2):55-60. GUO L, CHENG Y, WANG Z X. Experimental study on droplet size measurement and control of icing cloud in icing wind tunnel[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2018, 32(2):55-60(in Chinese).
[21] 赖庆仁,郭龙,李明,等. 结冰风洞液态水含量测量装置设计与实现[J].空气动力学学报, 2016, 34(6):750-755. LAI Q R, GUO L, LI M, et al. Design and implementation of the device for liquid water content measurement in icing wind tunnel[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2016, 34(6):750-755(in Chinese).
[22] 王梓旭,沈浩,郭龙,等. 3 m×2 m结冰风洞云雾参数校测方法[J].实验流体力学,2018,32(2):61-67. WANG Z X, SHEN H, GUO L, et al. Cloud calibration method of 3 m×2 m icing wind tunnel[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2018, 32(2):61-67(in Chinese).
[23] STRAPP J W, OLDENBURG J, IDE R, et al. Wind tunnel measurements of the response of hot-wire liquid water content instruments to large droplets[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2003, 20(6):791-806.
[24] COBER S, BERNSTEIN B, JECK R, et al. Data and analysis for the development of an engineering standard for supercooled large drop conditions:DOT/FAA/AR-09/10[R]. Washington, D. C.:DOT/FAA/AR, 2009.
[25] STEEN L E, IDE R F, VAN ZANTE J F. An assessment of the icing blade and the SEA multi-element sensor for liquid water content calibration of the NASA GRC icing research tunnel[C]//8th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston:AIAA, 2016.
[26] Droplet Measurement Technologies Inc. Stand-alone liquid water content (LWC-200) sensor operator manual[R]. 2013.
[27] 郭向东,王梓旭,李明,等.结冰风洞中液滴过冷特性数值研究[J].航空学报, 2017, 38(10):121254. GUO X D, WANG Z X, LI M, et al. Numerical study of droplet supercooling in an icing wind tunnel[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2017, 38(10):121254(in Chinese).
[28] 郭向东,王梓旭,李明,等.结冰风洞中液滴相变效应数值研究[J].航空学报, 2018, 39(3):121586. GUO X D, WANG Z X, LI M, et al. Numerical investigation of phase transition effects of droplet in icing wind tunnel[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2018, 39(3):121586(in Chinese).
[29] MAREK C J, BARTLETT C S. Stability relationship for water droplet crystallization with the NASA lewis icing spray nozzle[C]//26th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston:AIAA, 1988.
[30] NORDE E. Eulerian method for ice crystal icing in turbofan engines[D]. The Netherlands:University of Twente, 2017.
[31] LUDLAM F H. The heat economy of a rimed cylinder[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1951, 77:663-666.
[32] 郭向东,柳庆林,赖庆仁,等. 大型结冰风洞气流场适航符合性验证[J].空气动力学学报, 2020(已录用). GUO X D, LIU Q L, LAI Q R, et al. Airworthiness compliance verification of the aerodynamic flowfield of the large icing wind tunnel[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2020(accepted).

Airworthiness application compliance verification of cloud flowfield in large icing wind tunnel

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Jun SHU, Dongguang XU, Zhirong HAN, Si LI, Xiong HUANG. Hybrid wing design of icing wind tunnel supercooled large droplet icing test [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(1): 627182-627182.
[2]	Junjie NIU, Weimin SANG, Dong LI, Lian HAO, Zelin WANG. Icing test flight area determination method based on surrogated model of water droplet collection [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(1): 627697-627697.
[3]	LI Haoran, DUAN Yuyu, ZHANG Yufei, CHEN Haixin. Numerical method of ice-accretion software AERO-ICE [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(S1): 726371-726371.
[4]	GUO Xiangdong, LIU Qinglin, LIU Senyun, WANG Zixu, LI Ming. Numerical study of supercooled large droplet cloud evolution characteristics in icing wind tunnel [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2020, 41(8): 123655-123655.
[5]	WEI Yang, XU Haojun, XUE Yuan, ZHENG Wuji, LI Zhe, PEI Binbin. Aircraft flight safety envelope protection under icing conditions based on adaptive neural network dynamic inversion [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2019, 40(5): 122488-122488.
[6]	LEI Menglong, CHANG Shinan, YANG Bo. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of icing using Myers model [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2018, 39(9): 121952-121962.
[7]	GUO Xiangdong, WANG Zixu, LI Ming, LIU Bei. Numerical investigation of phase transition effects of droplet in icing wind tunnel [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2018, 39(3): 121586-121586.
[8]	DING Di, CHE Jing, QIAN Weiqi, WANG Qing. Aerodynamic parameter identification for aircraft wing icing using H_∞ method [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2018, 39(3): 121626-121626.
[9]	LI Weibin, WEI Dong, DU Yanxia, YI Xian, YANG Xiaofeng. Quantitative analysis of micro porous structure of dynamic icing [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2018, 39(2): 121536-121536.
[10]	LI Weihao, YI Xian, LI Weibin, WANG Yingyu. Influence factors on deformation and breakup of supercooled large droplets [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2018, 39(12): 122243-122243.
[11]	LEI Guilin, ZHENG Mei, DONG Wei, ZHOU Zhixiang, DONG Qi. Test on electrothermal anti-icing of aero-engine inlet strut [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2017, 38(8): 121066-121066.
[12]	PEI Binbin, XU Haojun, XUE Yuan, LI Zhe, LIU Dongliang. Development of flight safety window in icing conditions based on complex dynamics simulation [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2017, 38(2): 520695-520708.
[13]	ZHENG Wuji, LI Yinghui, QU Liang, XU Haojun, YUAN Guoqiang. Nonlinear stability region of icing aircraft during landing phase based on normal form method [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2017, 38(2): 520714-520724.
[14]	YI Xian, WANG Bin, LI Weibin, GUO Long. Research progress on ice shape measurement approaches for aircraft icing [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2017, 38(2): 520700-520711.
[15]	DU Yanxia, LI Ming, GUI Yewei, WANG Zixu. Review of thermodynamic behaviors in aircraft icing process [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2017, 38(2): 520706-520717.