Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 632103.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32103
• Special Issue: Intelligent Processing and Analysis of Aerospace Remote Sensing Images • Previous Articles
Ruotian REN1,2, Lijun ZHAO1(
), Xuyang ZHAO1,2, Zheng ZHANG1, Hongyi LI1, Xinhua XUE3, Ping TANG1
Received:2025-04-10
Revised:2025-05-08
Accepted:2025-05-29
Online:2025-06-11
Published:2025-06-10
Contact:
Lijun ZHAO
E-mail:zhaolj201934@aircas.ac.cn
Supported by:CLC Number:
Ruotian REN, Lijun ZHAO, Xuyang ZHAO, Zheng ZHANG, Hongyi LI, Xinhua XUE, Ping TANG. A review of knowledge-guided intelligent interpretation methods for remote sensing imagery[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(10): 632103.
Table 1
Current mainstream types of remote sensing interpretation tasks
| 解译任务 | 任务描述 | 示例数据集 | 示例输入 | 示例输出 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 目标检测 | 从遥感图像中自动识别并定位感兴趣的地物目标,同时输出目标的类别信息和空间位置信息 | RSOD[ | ![]() | ![]() |
| 语义分割 | 对遥感图像中的每个像素进行分类,赋予对应的语义类别标签,从而实现对地表覆盖或地物目标的精细化解析 | Aerial image segmentation dataset[ | ![]() | ![]() |
| 变化检测 | 对比同一地理区域在不同时间获取的遥感影像,识别地表覆盖或地物目标在时间维度上的变化区域,并进一步确定变化的类型和强度 | Onera satellite change detection dataset[ | ![]() | ![]() |
| 场景分类 | 根据遥感图像的整体内容和上下文信息,将整幅图像划分到预定义的场景类别中 | SIRI-WHU[ | ![]() | ![]() |
| 图像理解 | 通过对遥感图像的内容分析,自动生成自然语言描述,以准确、简洁地概括图像中的关键地物、空间布局和语义场景信息 | UCM-Captions[ | ![]() | ![]() |
Table 2
Types and specific meanings of knowledge in remote sensing image interpretation
| 序号 | 解译知识类型 | 具体含义 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 影像数据实体 | 影像数据实体通过物理规则、几何约束等结构化属性承载着最显性的领域知识。对实体数据进行优化、扩增等操作,可抑制噪声等的干扰,构建高保真、强适配的解译数据基底 |
| 2 | 遥感指数特征 | 利用遥感影像的不同波段数据进行代数运算,获取用于描述特定地物特征的遥感指数,如归一化植被指数、归一化水体指数、归一化建筑指数等 |
| 3 | 影像地理知识 | 遥感影像的地理位置信息与特定的地表覆盖产品(如GlobalLand30),将两者结合能够反映出该地理区域内不同地物类型的分布特征与规律 |
| 4 | 对象知识图谱 | 针对遥感影像中不同对象之间关系构建知识图谱,如形状、颜色等数据关系,拥有、组成等对象关系,包含、相交等拓扑关系 |
| 5 | 图像模态特征 | 基于不同成像系统获取的不同模态的遥感影像往往会包含特定领域下的特征,如光学成像系统注重于图像的光谱特征。此外,通过深度学习模型等手段能够挖掘数据的深层次信息,这也属于图像模态的范畴。不同模态的数据能够有机融合,达到特征互补的目的 |
| 6 | 衍生属性特征 | 真实场景下,物体的成像效果常伴随不同衍生属性(如飞机尾波、建筑阴影等),而在神经网络中,较大的感受野能够捕获更多的地物细节与属性,这些衍生特征均能够作为解译任务的先验知识 |
| 7 | 解译网络构件 | 解译网络构件是指构成遥感智能解译模型的基础知识单元,涵盖完整网络架构、网络功能模块及优化策略。通过领域知识引导构件设计与组合,能搭建有效服务于主线解译任务或分支辅助任务的自适应解译网络模型 |
Table 3
Representative knowledge-guided methods for different interpretation tasks
| 解译任务 | 知识引导方法 | 知识侧重类型 |
|---|---|---|
| 目标检测 | 采用伪标签生成与自适应阈值选择策略的弱监督目标检测[ | 影像数据实体 |
| 引入域自适应方法改进Faster RCNN,并与对抗学习结合进行飞机目标检测[ | 图像模态特征 | |
| 结合多尺度感受野增强与扩展卷积,用于光学遥感影像实时小目标检测[ | 衍生属性特征 | |
| 解耦建筑物主体和边缘,结合多目标损失函数增强建筑物边缘特征提取的针对性[ | 衍生属性特征 | |
| 依赖桥梁的边缘、几何与背景特性构建边界框转换模块,检测桥梁的定向边界[ | 衍生属性特征 | |
| 构建空间语义知识图谱与联合关系推理模块,提升目标特征表示的鲁棒性[ | 对象知识图谱 | |
| 引入辅助特征提取网络,改进自适应多特征融合的YOLOv3目标检测网络[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 形状自适应排斥约束与定向回归损失引导的遥感目标检测[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 辅助边缘检测任务、结构感知扩展模块和改进边缘结构感知损失结合下的建筑物提取[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 设计先验知识提取模块获取目标的局部空间信息,增强模型对目标空间上下文的先验理解[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 语义分割 | 将多模态的遥感指数计算结果作为真值,添加知识重构分支监督网络的训练[ | 遥感指数特征 |
| 集成GIS公共地图数据集与U-Net语义分割网络改进建筑物的提取结果[ | 影像地理知识 | |
| 融合激光雷达点云数据和相机光学图像的车道线分割[ | 图像模态特征 | |
| 综合多模态遥感数据,并设计多阶段融合多源注意力网络提升模态特征的可辨性[ | 图像模态特征 | |
| 基于协同增强融合模块挖掘多源遥感影像的互补特征,同时利用多尺度解码器学习尺度不变性特征[ | 图像模态特征 | |
| 利用地学知识图谱获取空间语义知识,构建地物实体的不同约束引导语义分割网络的训练[ | 对象知识图谱 | |
| 变化检测 | 利用面向对象的孪生神经网络进行遥感影像建筑物变化检测,并通过生成对抗网络实现样本迁移[ | 影像数据实体 |
| 基于空间光谱特征和度量学习生成伪标签,并结合孪生神经网络与图神经网络进行变化检测[ | 影像数据实体 | |
| 在光谱、空间、纹理等属性特征的基础上,基于加权相似距离等信息融合策略完成监督变化检测任务[ | 衍生属性特征 | |
| 结合多任务学习与深度孪生网络的遥感影像多类变化检测[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 设计孪生神经网络并针对空间与光谱信息的重要程度构造加权损失,应用于高光谱变化检测[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 场景分类 | 改进GAN网络用于生成高分辨率场景分类注释样本,并利用Wasserstein距离优化样本质量[ | 影像数据实体 |
| 基于GAN网络构建孪生神经网络架构,学习来自不同域影像的不变特征实现跨域场景分类[ | 影像数据实体 | |
| 提出对比空间预训练方法,在预训练、微调等阶段结合影像地理空间信息进行自监督学习[ | 影像地理知识 | |
| 融合多尺度、多层次视觉特征生成深度嵌入判别特征,基于增强特征提取框架实现场景分类[ | 衍生属性特征 | |
| 针对地理对象的空间与拓扑关系,联合卷积神经网络与图神经网络,并利用联合损失约束网络参数的更新[ | 对象知识图谱 | |
| 基于Wasserstein距离构建损失函数,同时将类间语义关系知识嵌入到模型中[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 旋转影像数据得到图像对,利用孪生网络结构与MSE损失对比目标相似性[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 结合对比学习与Vision Transformer,并提出交叉熵损失和监督对比损失的联合损失函数帮助模型学习更多的判别性特征[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 结合CNN与Vision Transformer分别获取高分辨率影像的结构特征和语义特征,同时定义联合损失优化联合模型[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 将Vision Transformer作为教师网络,ResNet作为学生网络进行知识蒸馏[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 图像理解 | 利用U-Net生成变化检测伪标签为图像理解任务提供更丰富的语义信息,实现对图像差异的细致化 理解[ | 影像数据实体 |
| 基于域自适应获取多尺度的影像特征,缓解自然影像与遥感影像的域差距[ | 图像模态特征 | |
| 利用CNN提取影像场景中的不同属性特征并赋予不同注意力权重,提升图像信息的利用率[ | 衍生属性特征 | |
| 将ResNet作为编码器,并围绕自注意力机制和LSTM(long short-term memory)设计解码器,解决多尺度问题[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 通过建立对象与场景的关系先验改进Transformer模块,引导模型选择与场景更相关的对象[ | 解译网络构件 | |
使用CNN和CLIP提取区域特征,并通过全局分组与网状交叉注意力机制优化描述性文本的生成 质量[ | 解译网络构件 | |
| 基于CNN和LSTM对原始影像编码与解码,并提出截断交叉熵损失缓解过拟合问题[ | 解译网络构件 | |
设计以Transformer为基础的辅助任务分支用于多标签场景分类,来改进图像理解分支的语义学习 能力[ | 解译网络构件 | |
构建大规模多模态遥感数据集,基于Transformer提出全新的微调方法用于多传感器图像理解和视觉任务 处理[ | 解译网络构件 |
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