复杂环境下舰载机人工进近着舰模型

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31802

Abstract

Abstract:

A carrier-based aircraft model， including models for the carrier-based aircraft， deck motion， ship wake， landing signal officer， and pilot， was established for night-time environments. The pilot model was developed based on the MPC （Model Predictive Control） method， capable of describing the pilot's control strategy under control input and rate constraints. The pilot model established within the boundary constraints is equivalent to the Linear Quadratic Gaussian （LQG） pilot model. Through simulation verification， the established pilot model exhibits human-like characteristics within the frequency range of 0.1 rad/s to 10.0 rad/s. Based on the established pilot model， flight simulations in night-time environments were conducted. The simulation results indicate that the night-time environment affects the pilot's observation accuracy of angles， angular velocities， and lateral and longitudinal deviations. Compared to daytime conditions， the pilot's longitudinal trajectory deviation dispersion increases， while the lateral trajectory deviation dispersion slightly increases. Additionally， as the aircraft approaches the vessel， there is also a tendency to avoid the ship’s wake. Through repeated simulation experiments， the rationality of the carrier-aircraft-human system was validated. The results show that the landing dispersion trends at 1/2， 1/4， 1/8 mi （1 mi=1.61 km）， and ramp are consistent with U.S. military experiments. The night-time go-around rate is 28%， while the daytime rate is 12%， aligning with practical experience. This validates that the established artificial landing model can be used to analyze carrier-based aircraft landing safety in complex environments.

Key words: flight mechanics, pilot model, carrier-based aircraft landing, flight safety, model predictive control

CLC Number:

V212

Xinze XU, Guanxin HONG, Liang DU, Gang LIU. Manual approach and landing model of carrier-based aircraft in complex environments[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(13): 531802.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Table 2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 3

MPC pilot model input parameters

参数	工况条件
离散时间t_s/s	0.2
预测时域P/s	2
控制时域M/s	2
噪声强度增益W	8.8
观测权重矩阵 $Q y$ /（°）	Diag（1，1）
控制权重矩阵 $R y$	0.1

Table 3

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Table 4

Pilot model constrains parameters

控制约束	$δ e$	$δ a$	$δ r$	$δ t$	关注度
控制约束	$δ e$	$δ a$	$δ r$	$δ t$	状态权重	控制权重
上界	10.5	25.0	1.0	90.0	$Q y$	$R u$
下界	-25	-25	-3	75
速率	5.0	5.0	0.1	0.1

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.11

Fig.12

References 27

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光球偏离	偏差角/（°）	LSO指令
+1.75球以上	>0.6	高（G）
0.75球~1.75球	0.25~0.60	稍高（SG）
0.25球~0.75球	0.085~0.250	点点高（DDG）
<+0.25球	0~0.085	位置好（OK）
-0.25球~0球	-0.085~0	点点低（DDD）
-1球~-0.25球	-0.340~-0.085	稍低（SD）
-1球以上	<-0.340	低（D）

偏差角/（°）	LSO指令
<±0.50	好（OK）
0.25~0.60	偏左/右
>±1.00	太偏左/右

工况参数	工况条件
海况等级	2
甲板风/（m·s^-1）	12
平均风速/（m·s^-1）	2
高度/m	155
距理想点距离	2 000
飞机下滑地速/（m·s^-1）	66.69
飞机下滑角/（°）	-4
能见度情况	夜间

Manual approach and landing model of carrier-based aircraft in complex environments

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