航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (11): 232679-232679   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32679

固体力学与飞行器总体设计

燃料电池无人机关键技术与混合能量架构

高怡宁1, 颉文庆1, 方淳1, 朱丹丹2, 赵冬冬2(), 刘春强3, 朱永峰1   

  1. 1.航空工业第一飞机设计研究院,西安 710089
    2.西北工业大学 自动化学院,西安 710129
    3.西安电子科技大学 杭州研究院,杭州 311231
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-14 修回日期:2025-08-26 接受日期:2025-11-04 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-13
  • 通讯作者: 赵冬冬 E-mail:zhaodong@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52277226);陕西省重点研发计划(2024GX-YBXM-266)

Key technologies of fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles and hybrid energy architecture

Yining GAO1, Wenqing XIE1, Chun FANG1, Dandan ZHU2, Dongdong ZHAO2(), Chunqiang LIU3, Yongfeng ZHU1   

  1. 1.AVIC The First Aircraft Design Institute,Xi’an 710089,China
    2.School of Automation,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710129,China
    3.Hangzhou Institute of Technology,Xidian University,Hangzhou 311231,China
  • Received:2025-08-14 Revised:2025-08-26 Accepted:2025-11-04 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-13
  • Contact: Dongdong ZHAO E-mail:zhaodong@nwpu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52277226);Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2024GX-YBXM-266)

摘要:

在氢能源长航时无人机领域,氢燃料电池动力系统相较于涡轮发动机动力系统展现出更显著的适用性。深入剖析了燃料电池长航时无人机的发展现状,分析总结了典型大型氢燃料电池无人机的特点与适用场景,对制约氢燃料电池长航时无人机发展的关键技术进行了研究,全面梳理了国内外发展现状。提出了一种以航时最大为优化目标的大型氢能源无人机设计方案,开展了总体布局设计,对比不同动力架构形式并选取氢燃料电池-锂电池混合动力系统结构,开展了动力系统方案设计、电机设计、液氢燃料存储设计及能量管理策略设计,基于有限状态机思想构建了能量管理控制策略,仿真结果显示,在典型定速巡航工况和两种变功率工况下,该策略均能在满足总体功率需求的情况下保证燃料电池始终以最佳功率输出,锂电池在负载需求功率较大时放电,在负载需求功率较小时充电,有效保障了动力系统的可靠性,为大型燃料电池-锂电池混合能源动力系统无人机设计提供参考。

关键词: 氢燃料电池, 无人机, 长航时, 能量管理, 混合动力

Abstract:

In the field of long-endurance hydrogen-powered unmanned aerial vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell power systems demonstrate more significant applicability compared to turbine engine power systems. This paper delves into the current development status of long-endurance fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles, analyzes and summarizes the characteristics and applicable scenarios of typical large-scale hydrogen fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles, and studies the key technologies that restrict the development of long-endurance hydrogen fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicles. It comprehensively reviews the domestic and international development status. A design scheme for a large-scale hydrogen energy unmanned aerial vehicles with the maximum flight time as the optimization objective is proposed, and the overall layout design is carried out. Different power architecture forms are compared, and a hydrogen fuel cell-lithium battery hybrid power system structure is selected. The design of power system scheme, electric motor, liquid hydrogen fuel storage, and energy management strategy are carried out. Based on the finite state machine idea, an energy management control strategy is constructed. Simulation results show that under typical constant-speed cruise conditions and two variable-power conditions, this strategy can ensure that the fuel cell always operates at the optimal power output while meeting the overall power demand. The lithium battery discharges when the load demand power is large and charges when the load demand power is small, effectively ensuring the reliability of the power system. This provides a reference for the design of large-scale unmanned aerial vehicles with fuel cell-lithium battery hybrid energy power system.

Key words: hydrogen fuel cell, unmanned aerial vehicles, long endurance, energy management, hybrid power

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