航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (3): 132182-132182   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32182

旋翼流动对桨-涡干扰噪声的影响机理试验

孙伟1(), 张羽霓1, 刘婷2, 史喆羽3, 林永峰1   

  1. 1.中国直升机设计研究所 直升机动力学全国重点实验室,景德镇 333001
    2.航天时代飞鸿技术有限公司,北京 100094
    3.中国空气动力研究与发展中心,绵阳 621000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-29 修回日期:2025-05-19 接受日期:2025-06-13 出版日期:2025-07-18 发布日期:2025-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 孙伟 E-mail:sunw017@avic.com
  • 基金资助:
    直升机动力学全国重点实验室基金(2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-093-05)

Experiment on influence mechanism of rotor flow on blade-vortex interaction noise

Wei SUN1(), Yuni ZHANG1, Ting LIU2, Zheyu SHI3, Yongfeng LIN1   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics,China Helicopter Research and Development Institute,Jingdezhen 333001,China
    2.Aerospace Times FeiHong Technology Company Limited,Beijing 100094,China
    3.China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China
  • Received:2025-04-29 Revised:2025-05-19 Accepted:2025-06-13 Online:2025-07-18 Published:2025-07-03
  • Contact: Wei SUN E-mail:sunw017@avic.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics Funding(2024-CXPT-GF-JJ-093-05)

摘要:

直升机旋翼桨-涡干扰(BVI)噪声是一种严重的脉冲声源,为研究旋翼非定常流动对桨-涡干扰噪声的影响机理,基于麦克风球面声阵列测量技术、桨叶表面压力测量技术和粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,在声学风洞环境下测量获得了旋翼不同状态下的桨-涡干扰噪声特性、压力分布和非定常流动特性,并总结了前进比、斜下降角和垂向力系数等旋翼状态参数对桨-涡干扰噪声的影响,揭示了旋翼桨叶表面压力、涡运动轨迹对桨-涡干扰噪声的影响机理。分析结果表明:桨-涡干扰噪声的主要辐射方向覆盖了第一到第三象限的大部分范围,在时域上表现为峰值很高的脉冲声压,且主要声能量频率集中在中高频段的旋转频率的倍频上;桨-涡干扰主要发生在桨叶前缘,一般在0.3倍弦长以内,越靠近前缘干扰越强,且上下翼面干扰载荷的脉冲方向相反;对于5片桨叶旋翼,平行桨-涡干扰的相位约为60°;平行干扰状态下,桨叶展向大部分范围均与涡发生了干扰作用,产生了噪声的集聚效应;旋翼前进比和斜下降角的变化会引起旋翼附近流动的变化,进而改变脱落的桨尖涡的运动轨迹以及桨叶与涡干扰的相对角度、距离和干扰相位,从而影响了旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声;旋翼垂向力系数改变不会影响桨尖涡的运动轨迹,但会影响旋翼桨尖涡的涡强,进而影响桨-涡干扰噪声的强度。

关键词: 旋翼, 桨-涡干扰噪声, 测压, PIV, 影响机理, 风洞试验

Abstract:

The Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise of helicopter rotor is a severe impulsive noise source. In order to investigate the influence mechanism of the unsteady flow of the rotor on the BVI noise characteristics, the noise characteristics, pressure distribution, and unsteady flow characteristics of the different rotor conditions are measured based on the microphone spherical array measurement technology, the blade surface pressure measurement technology, and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology in an acoustic tunnel environment. The influences of the advance ratio,oblique descent angle, and lift coefficient on the BVI noise are obtained. The influence mechanism of the rotor surface pressure and the vortex motion trajectory on the BVI noise are revealed. The analysis results show that the main radiation direction of BVI noise covers most of the first to third quadrants. In the time domain, it shows a high peak pulse noise pressure, and the main sound energy frequency is concentrated on the multiples of the rotational frequency in the medium- and high-frequency bands. The BVI noise mainly occurs at the blade leading edge, generally within 0.3 times of the chord length, with intensity inversely proportional to the distance. Upper and lower surface interaction loads exhibit opposing impulsive directions. For 5-bladed rotors, parallel BVI phases approximate 60°. Spanwise cumulative noise effects arise from extensive BVI during parallel BVI. The change of the rotor advance ratio and oblique descent angle will cause the change of the flow near the rotor, which will change the motion trajectory of the blade tip vortex, and then change the relative angle, distance, and interference phase between the blade and the vortex, thus affecting the BVI noise. Vertical force coefficient modifications impact vortex strength rather than trajectory, which directly influence BVI noise intensity.

Key words: rotor, Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise, pressure measurement, PIV, influence mechanism, wind tunnel test

中图分类号: