航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (1): 632109-632109   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32109

第二十七届中国科协年会专栏

展向多参数可变的新型宽速域乘波体设计方法

段佳昕1, 刘愿1, 高亮杰1, 钱战森1,2()   

  1. 1.航空工业空气动力研究院,沈阳 110034
    2.中国航空研究院,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-11 修回日期:2025-05-26 接受日期:2025-06-16 出版日期:2025-07-04 发布日期:2025-10-30
  • 通讯作者: 钱战森 E-mail:qianzs@avic.com
  • 基金资助:
    航空科学基金(2024Z012027002)

A novel wide-speed waverider design method with variable multi-parameter along spanwise direction

Jiaxin DUAN1, Yuan LIU1, Liangjie GAO1, Zhansen QIAN1,2()   

  1. 1.AVIC Aerodynamic Research Institute,Shenyang 110034,China
    2.Chines Aeronautical Establishment,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2025-04-11 Revised:2025-05-26 Accepted:2025-06-16 Online:2025-07-04 Published:2025-10-30
  • Contact: Zhansen QIAN E-mail:qianzs@avic.com
  • Supported by:
    Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2024Z012027002)

摘要:

乘波体因其在高超声速条件下通过激波压缩效应产生的高升阻比特性,成为高超声速飞行器布局设计的重点研究方向,但也存在非设计工况下气动性能急剧恶化、气动性能与容积难以兼顾等难题。针对上述问题,发展了一种基于吻切理论的展向多参数可调控乘波体设计方法,通过不同马赫数-激波角组合的基准流场生成特征流线簇,实现激波系空间分布的主动调控,进而兼顾非设计点气动性能和容积需求。研究结果表明,通过该设计方法获得的乘波体流场结构与数值仿真结果一致,设计方法可靠。在保持等容积、等长度和等宽度的约束条件下,相对于定参数设计的传统乘波体,展向多参数可变乘波体的升力系数提升幅度平均约17.01%,升阻比提高平均约12.63%。宽马赫数(Ma=6~10)范围内新型乘波体的升阻比衰减率控制在1.8%以内,显著提升了乘波体宽速域的气动性能。该乘波体设计方法通过展向参数主动调控实现了气动性能与容积的协同设计,为突破传统乘波体性能局限提供了新思路,对宽速域高超声速飞行器工程应用具有一定的借鉴意义。

关键词: 宽速域, 变马赫数, 变激波角, 吻切乘波体, 高超声速

Abstract:

The waverider configuration has emerged as a pivotal research focus in hypersonic vehicle design due to its high lift-to-drag ratio characteristics achieved through shock compression effects. However, it faced inherent challenges including significant degradation of aerodynamic performance under off-design conditions and persistent difficulties in balancing aerodynamic performance and volume. To address these issues, we developed a novel waverider design method with variable multi-parameter along the spanwise direction based on osculating theory. By generating characteristic streamline families from basic flowfields with varying Mach number-shock angle combinations, the approach achieved active control of shock wave spatial distribution, thereby simultaneously addressing off-design aerodynamic performance and volumetric requirements. The results show consistent flowfield structure between the designed waverider and numerical simulations, confirming method reliability. Under fixed-volume, fixed-length, and fixed-width constraints, variable multi-parameter waverider along the spanwise direction made average improvements of 17.01% in lift coefficient and 12.63% in lift-to-drag ratio compared to conventional fixed-parameter waveriders. The novel waverider maintained lift-to-drag ratio attenuation below 1.8% across Ma=6-10, significantly enhancing wide-speed aerodynamic performance. This methodology established a synergistic design framework for aerodynamic performance and volume through active spanwise parameter control, offering an innovative solution to overcome the limitations of the traditional waverider. The results provide valuable insights into engineering applications of wide-speed hypersonic vehicles.

Key words: wide-speed range, variable Mach number, variable shock angle, osculating waverider, hypersonic

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