航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (5): 531130-531130   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31130

JF-22超高速风洞理论基础与关键技术

姜宗林1,2(), 韩桂来1,2, 汪运鹏1, 刘云峰1,2, 苑朝凯1, 罗长童1, 王春1, 胡宗民1,2, 刘美宽1   

  1. 1.中国科学院 力学研究所 空天飞行高温气动全国重点实验室,北京 100190
    2.中国科学院大学 工程科学学院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-02 修回日期:2024-09-19 接受日期:2024-10-24 出版日期:2024-12-03 发布日期:2024-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 姜宗林 E-mail:zljiang@imech.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11727901)

Theoretical bases and key technologies of JF-22 hypervelocity wind tunnel

Zonglin JIANG1,2(), Guilai HAN1,2, Yunpeng WANG1, Yunfeng LIU1,2, Chaokai YUAN1, Changtong LUO1, Chun WANG1, Zongmin HU1,2, Meikuan LIU1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
    2.School of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2024-09-02 Revised:2024-09-19 Accepted:2024-10-24 Online:2024-12-03 Published:2024-11-25
  • Contact: Zonglin JIANG E-mail:zljiang@imech.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(11727901)

摘要:

国内外高超声速飞行关键技术的验证与考核一直都依赖于飞行试验,费时、昂贵、又具有后验性。几十年来,发展先进的高超声速地面试验装置一直是一个基础性的空气动力学前沿课题。目前世界上能够开展高马赫数飞行条件下的吸气式高超声速发动机试验的风洞试验能力依然不足,国家自然科学基金委员会国家重大科研仪器项目支持的JF-22超高速风洞的研制成功是一个重大突破。首先,综述了高超声速风洞研发的需求背景,介绍了基于工程实际的4项基本需求。并针对热化学反应气体流动,论述了空气动力学试验模拟准则从“流动相似”到“飞行条件复现”变革的必要性。然后,阐述了爆轰驱动超高速激波风洞理论,由此建立的激波风洞关键技术,及其解决的工程问题。最后,总结了在这个理论基础上构建的JF-22超高速风洞技术体系及其达到的主要性能指标和风洞调试结果。这些风洞调试结果既是对爆轰驱动超高速激波风洞理论的验证,也是对JF-22超高速风洞技术体系的综合考核。JF-22超高速风洞的高流速、高总温、高总压特色及其宽速域与宽空域性能,对于开展吸气式高超声速发动机与天地往返可重复使用空天飞行器的研发,推动高温气体动力学科前沿的拓展具有重要意义。

关键词: 正向爆轰驱动, 化学反应气体流动, 超高速激波风洞, 激波膨胀加速, 吸气式高超声速发动机, 空天飞行器

Abstract:

The assessment of hypersonic flight technology at home and abroad always relies on flight tests, which are time-consuming and expensive, and have posterior risks. The development of advanced hypersonic ground test facilities has been a fundamental research topic in aerodynamics frontier for decades; however, the existing test facilities are still inadequate for the required technology development of air-breathing hypersonic engines at high Mach numbers. The successful development of the JF-22 hypervelocity wind tunnel under the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China is a major breakthrough in this area. This paper first reviews the research background of the hypersonic wind tunnel and introduces the four basic requirements of the wind tunnel based on engineering practice. Considering thermo-chemically reacting gas flows, the necessity of revolutionary change of the wind tunnel test simulation criteria of experimental aerodynamics from “flow similarity simulation” to “flight condition reproduction” is discussed. Then, the theories and technologies for detonation-driven hypervelocity shock tunnels are systematically expounded, and the engineering problems solved with the theories and technologies are also discussed. Finally, the technology system of the JF-22 hypervelocity wind tunnel, developed on the basis of these theories is summarized and evaluated with the JF-22 calibration results. These results not only verify the theories of detonation-driven hypervelocity shock tunnel, but also show a comprehensive assessment of the JF-22’s technology system. The success of the JF-22 hypervelocity wind tunnel is a new milestone in developing advanced hypersonic test facilities. The JF-22 remarkable performances, such as high flow velocity, high total temperature and high stagnation pressure, and wide speed range and altitude are of significance for supporting the research on air-breathing hypersonic engines, aerospace aircrafts, and the frontier of high-temperature gas dynamics.

Key words: forward detonation driver, chemically-reacting gas flow, hypervelocity shock tunnel, shock expansion acceleration, air-breathing hypersonic engine, aerospace vehicle

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