航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (20): 531895-531895   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31895

飞机翼面冰的结构建模与弹性模量预测

汤林1,2, 孟宣市1,3, 刘蕊迪2, 顾兴士2, 易贤2()   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 航空学院,西安 710000
    2.空天飞行空气动力科学与技术全国重点实验室 结冰与防除冰重点实验室,绵阳 621000
    3.西北工业大学 飞行器基础布局全国重点实验室,西安 710000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26 修回日期:2025-03-21 接受日期:2025-04-11 出版日期:2025-04-18 发布日期:2025-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 易贤 E-mail:yixian_2010@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12132019)

Structural modeling and elastic modulus prediction of aircraft wing ice

Lin TANG1,2, Xuanshi MENG1,3, Ruidi LIU2, Xingshi GU2, Xian YI2()   

  1. 1.School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710000,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti-Icing/De-Icing,State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics,Mianyang 621000,China
    3.National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710000,China
  • Received:2025-02-26 Revised:2025-03-21 Accepted:2025-04-11 Online:2025-04-18 Published:2025-04-17
  • Contact: Xian YI E-mail:yixian_2010@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12132019)

摘要:

飞机飞行过程中过冷水撞击低温表面结冰是典型的动态相变过程,形成的翼面冰内包含气泡孔隙,严重影响翼面冰弹性模量。然而,现有研究对翼面冰弹性模量的定量研究不足,难以为适航取证中翼面冰断裂脱落危害的评估提供依据。研究了过冷水滴撞击低温表面形成的翼面冰的弹性模量,尤其是孔隙率、孔隙形状(以球度表征)等参数对其弹性模量的影响。基于结冰风洞中模拟的实际飞行环境,针对不同马赫数(0.21~0.32)下的翼面冰样本,通过单轴压缩试验测量了其弹性模量。结果表明,翼面冰的弹性模量与孔隙率高度相关,孔隙率越高,弹性模量各向异性表现越明显。提出了一种基于孔隙率和孔隙球度的弹性模量预测模型,能有效模拟不同结冰条件下翼面冰的弹性模量变化。研究结果可为翼面冰的弹性模量预测及断裂脱落危害评估提供理论支撑。

关键词: 翼面冰, 孔隙率, 孔隙形状, 各向异性, 弹性模量

Abstract:

During aircraft flight, the impact of supercooled water droplets on low-temperature surfaces leads to ice formation, a typical dynamic phase transition process. The resulting wing ice contains air bubbles and pores, which significantly affect its elastic modulus. However, existing research lacks quantitative analysis of the elastic modulus of wing ice, making it difficult to support hazard assessment of ice fracture and shedding during air-worthiness certification. We investigate the elastic modulus of wing ice formed by supercooled drop-let impingement, particularly focusing on the effects of porosity and pore morphology (characterized by sphericity). By simulating real-flight conditions in the icing wind tunnel, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on wing ice samples at various Mach numbers (0.21–0.33) to measure their elastic modulus. The results demonstrate that the elastic modulus of wing ice is highly correlated with porosity, showing increasingly pronounced anisotropy at higher porosity levels. A predictive model based on porosity and pore sphericity is proposed, effectively simulating elastic modulus variations under different icing conditions. These findings provide theoretical support for predicting elastic modulus of wing ice and assessing fracture and shedding risks.

Key words: wing ice, porosity, pore morphology, anisotropy, elastic modulus

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