航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (16): 331655-331655   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31655

RTK完好性指标分配方法

宋远1,2, 李锐1,2(), 黄智刚1   

  1. 1.北京航空航天大学 电子信息工程学院,北京 100191
    2.空地一体新航行系统技术全国重点实验室,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12 修回日期:2024-12-25 接受日期:2025-02-19 出版日期:2025-03-07 发布日期:2025-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 李锐 E-mail:lee_ruin@263.net
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3904302)

Allocation method of RTK integrity indicators

Yuan SONG1,2, Rui LI1,2(), Zhigang HUANG1   

  1. 1.School of Electronic and Information Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM,Beijing 100191,China
  • Received:2024-12-12 Revised:2024-12-25 Accepted:2025-02-19 Online:2025-03-07 Published:2025-03-06
  • Contact: Rui LI E-mail:lee_ruin@263.net
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3904302)

摘要:

实时动态相对定位(RTK)技术作为目前应用最为广泛的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)高精度定位技术,针对其完好性的研究一直是工业界和学术界的研究热点,也是决定其能否用于自动驾驶等生命安全相关领域的难点问题。目前对RTK完好性的研究主要停留在概念讨论和用户端算法层面,存在性能指标界定不清晰以及算法复杂不具有普适性等问题,同时缺乏系统性的分析框架和解决方案。通过对航空领域各类增强系统的研究,发现其完好性解决方案涉及需求分析、风险源分析、完好性指标分配、监测方案设计、验证方案设计等多个环节。其中,完好性指标分配环节承接用户需求和监测器性能要求,涉及总体分析流程和框架的建立,是后续进行具体监测器设计及验证的基础,也是整体完好性解决方案的核心。为此,通过借鉴地基增强系统(GBAS)中风险分配流程,提出了RTK完好性指标分配方法,推导出适用于卡尔曼滤波器的最大可允许测量误差(MERR)计算公式,从概率指标和误差界限2个层面给出完整的指标分配方案。所提方法和分配示例能为RTK服务提供商构建完好性解决方案以及推进相关服务性能规范的建设提供理论支持和数据参考。

关键词: GNSS, RTK完好性, 完好性增强系统, 风险指标分解, 最大可允许测量误差

Abstract:

As the most widely used high-precision positioning technology of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the integrity of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) relative positioning remains a hot topic in the industry and academia area. It is also a critical challenge that determines whether RTK can be used in life safety-related fields such as autonomous driving. However, current research on RTK integrity mainly focuses on the level of conceptual discussion and user-end algorithms, with issues such as unclear performance indicators, complex and unclear algorithms, and a lack of systematic analysis framework and solutions. By studying various augmentation systems in the aviation field, this paper identifies key elements in integrity solution, including multiple stages such as demand analysis, risk source analysis, integrity indicator allocation, monitoring scheme design, and verification scheme design. Among them, the integrity indicator allocation stage undertakes user needs and monitor performance requirements, involving the establishment of an overall analysis process and framework, forming the basis for subsequent specific monitor design and verification, and thus becomes the core of the overall integrity solution. To address this, this paper proposes an RTK integrity indicator allocation method inspired by the risk indicator allocation process in the Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS). Then, deriving the Maximum Allowable Measurement Error (MERR) calculation formula applicable to the Kalman filter is derived, and a complete indicator allocation scheme from both probabilistic and error-bound perspectives is presented. The proposed method and allocation examples can provide theoretical support and data reference for RTK service providers in developing integrity solutions and promoting relevant service.

Key words: GNSS, RTK integrity, integrity augmentation system, risk indicator allocation, maximum allowable measurement error

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