航空学报 > 2024, Vol. 45 Issue (S1): 730567-730567   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30567

GNSS授时与时间同步在基础设施行业的应用

许龙霞1,2(), 刘娅1,2, 李孝辉1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院 国家授时中心,西安 710600
    2.中国科学院 时间基准及应用重点实验室,西安 710600
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-22 修回日期:2024-06-01 接受日期:2024-06-16 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2024-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 许龙霞 E-mail:xulongxia@ntsc.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12073033);中国科学院西部之光西部交叉团队(xbzg-zdsys-202308)

Applications of GNSS timing and time synchronization in infrastructures

Longxia XU1,2(), Ya LIU1,2, Xiaohui LI1,2   

  1. 1.National Time Service Centre,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710600,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Time Reference and Applications,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710600,China
  • Received:2024-04-22 Revised:2024-06-01 Accepted:2024-06-16 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2024-06-25
  • Contact: Longxia XU E-mail:xulongxia@ntsc.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12073033);Light of the West-West Cross Team of Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202308)

摘要:

准确可靠的时间是关键基础设施的重要组成部分。随着卫星导航系统的建成和广泛应用,越来越多的关键基础设施行业将GNSS作为获取时间的主要来源。美国国土安全部确定的16个关键行业中,通信、移动电话、电力、金融等11个行业均依赖精准的授时与时间同步技术。在综合研读国内外大量文献的基础上,本文分析了GNSS授时与时间同步在金融、电力、5G以及航空航天系统等重要关键基础设施的应用现状。首先,归纳了各关键基础设施行业常用的时间频率参数的含义,结合各关键基础设施行业的不同应用场景及相关行业标准,梳理了其对时间、时间同步性能的量化指标要求。其次,分析了GNSS授时与时间同步在各个关键基础设施中的应用方式,总结得出基于GNSS的分布式时间同步网络的典型架构。接着,介绍了目前各关键基础设施行业广泛使用的2类GNSS授时与时间同步终端。最后,对授时与时间同步技术发展趋势进行了展望。卫星导航系统作为一个国家的重要基础设施,其提供的GNSS授时与时间同步服务支撑了各行各业的运行,具有举足轻重的地位。考虑到卫星导航系统固有的脆弱性,以及目前各行各业对GNSS的依赖,势必成为威胁国家安全的重要隐患,因此在下一代导航定位授时体系建设中,不仅要提高GNSS的安全性与可靠性,还要发展不依赖于GNSS的授时与时间同步技术。

关键词: GNSS, 授时, 时间同步, 航天测控, 基础设施

Abstract:

Accurate and reliable timing is an important component of critical infrastructures. With the development and widespread application of satellite navigation systems, an increasing number of key infrastructures are using GNSS as the main source to access time. The US Department of Homeland Security issued that among the 16 key industries, 11 industries such as communication, mobile phones, electricity, and finance rely on precise timing and time synchronization. Based on a comprehensive study of a large number of literature, this article analyzes the current application status of GNSS timing and time synchronization in important infrastructures such as finance, power, 5G and aeronautics & astronautics. Firstly, the meanings of commonly used time and frequency parameters in various key infrastructures are summarized, and the quantitative requirements for time and time synchronization performance are sorted out based on different application scenarios and relevant standards of key infrastructures. Secondly, the application ways of GNSS timing and time synchronization in different key infrastructures are analyzed, and a typical architecture of a distributed time synchronization network based on GNSS is obtained. Then, two types of GNSS timing and time synchronization terminals widely used in various key infrastructures are introduced. Finally, the future development trends of timing and time synchronization technologies are discussed. As an important infrastructure of a country, satellite navigation systems play a crucial role in providing GNSS timing and time synchronization services to support the operation of various infrastructures. Considering the inherent fragility of satellite navigation systems and the dependence of various infrastructures on GNSS, it is bound to be an important threat to national security. Therefore, it is not only necessary to improve the safety and reliability of GNSS, but also to develop the timing and synchronization technology that does not rely on GNSS in the construction of the next generation navigation positioning and timing system.

Key words: GNSS, timing, time synchronization, aerospace TT&C, infrastructure

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