关键词: 氢动力飞机, 机载, 液氢燃料储供系统, 液氢储罐, 质量储氢比

Abstract:

Hydrogen-powered aircraft， with the advantages of high mass-energy density and near-zero emissions， has become an important direction in the green transformation of the aviation industry. As one of the core systems of hydrogen-powered aircraft， the breakthrough of key core technologies in the liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply system directly affects the economy and practicality of the aircraft. This paper systematically reviews the development status of hydrogen-powered aircraft， with a focus on discussing the design and integration challenges of key components in the on-board liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply systems， including liquid hydrogen storage tanks， liquid hydrogen booster pumps， and heat exchangers. Furthermore， and s six key core technologies for the development of on-board liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply systems are condensed： layout optimization technology， system lightweight technology， high-quality hydrogen storage ratio and efficient storage technology for liquid hydrogen storage tanks， hydrogen supply dynamic matching control technology， liquid hydrogen cold energy comprehensive regulation technology， and safety and risk control technology. The analysis results show that the layout optimization of the on-board liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply system is fundamental， and applicable layouts are given according to different aircraft types； the lightweight of the liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply system helps to improve the range and payload of the aircraft， especially the high gravimetric hydrogen storage density and efficient storage of liquid hydrogen storage tanks are particularly important. Dynamic hydrogen supply control and liquid hydrogen cold energy comprehensive regulation technologies are applicable to the dynamic working stages of the aircraft. By combining international standards and adopting multiple safety designs to reduce the risks of leakage and fire， the operation safety of hydrogen-powered aircraft is ensured. The development of key components， the breakthrough of key core technologies， and the establishment of relevant standards for the above-mentioned on-board liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply systems will not only effectively promote the commercialization process of hydrogen-powered aircraft， but also provide important support for the low-altitude economy and the carbon-neutrality goal of the aviation industry.

Key words: hydrogen-powered aircraft, on-board, liquid hydrogen fuel storage and supply system, liquid hydrogen storage tank, gravimetric hydrogen storage density