航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (12): 131395-131395   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31395

适用于飞行力学分析的旋翼涡环状态入流模型

文镜涵1, 吉洪蕾1(), 邓皓轩2, 王畅2   

  1. 1.重庆大学 航空航天学院,重庆 400044
    2.中国空气动力研究与发展中心 旋翼空气动力学重点实验室,绵阳 621000
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-12 修回日期:2024-12-02 接受日期:2025-01-22 出版日期:2025-02-17 发布日期:2025-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 吉洪蕾 E-mail:jhl@cqu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家级项目(FKFB20231108015);重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1592);中国空气动力研究与发展中心旋翼空气动力学重点实验室研究开放课题(RAL202302-3);国家自然科学基金(11902052)

Rotor vortex ring state inflow model suitable for flight mechanics analysis

Jinghan WEN1, Honglei JI1(), Haoxuan DENG2, Chang WANG2   

  1. 1.College of Aerospace Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Rotor Aerodynamics,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China
  • Received:2024-10-12 Revised:2024-12-02 Accepted:2025-01-22 Online:2025-02-17 Published:2025-02-10
  • Contact: Honglei JI E-mail:jhl@cqu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Level Project(FKFB20231108015┫?);Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1592);Open Research Program of Key Laboratory of Rotor Aerodynamics, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(RAL202302-3);National Natural Science Foundation of China(11902052)

摘要:

面向直升机特情仿真的应用需求,建立适用于飞行力学分析的旋翼涡环状态入流模型。基于旋翼涡环状态直升机垂向运动阻尼的转折关系,联立桨尖涡运动方程和修正旋翼动量理论方程来求解旋翼涡环状态临界阻尼边界,获得旋翼进入和改出涡环状态的爬升速度和旋翼诱导速度,采用三次样条函数建立旋翼涡环状态诱导速度模型,并由涡环状态集中涡量的演化关系推导出旋翼涡环状态诱导速度动态延迟时间常数,形成统一的旋翼涡环状态临界阻尼边界和动态入流模型。在此基础上,建立旋翼气动载荷模型和直升机涡环状态的飞行动力学模型,综合采用风洞和飞行试验数据来验证模型。结果表明:所提模型能够合理准确地预测旋翼涡环状态临界阻尼边界及旋翼诱导速度随直升机下降速度和前飞速度的变化,与旋翼气动载荷模型结合能够准确预测旋翼拉力和扭矩系数增量随直升机下降速度的变化趋势;与飞行试验数据的对比表明,所提模型准确模拟了旋翼涡环状态的直升机垂向阻尼动态特性,适用于飞行力学分析应用。

关键词: 直升机, 旋翼, 涡环状态, 诱导速度, 飞行力学

Abstract:

To meet the application requirements of helicopter special situation simulation, a rotor vortex ring state inflow model is established for flight mechanics analysis. Based on the turning relationship of the helicopter vertical motion damping in the rotor vortex ring state, the joint tip vortex motion equation and the modified rotor momentum theory equation are solved to obtain the critical damping boundary of the rotor vortex ring state. The climb rates and induced velocities of the rotor entering and exiting the vortex ring state are given. Cubic spline functions are used to establish a rotor vortex ring state induced velocity model, and the dynamic delay time of the rotor vortex ring state induced velocity is derived from the evolution relationship of the concentrated vorticity in the vortex ring state. Thus, a unified critical damping boundary for the rotor vortex ring state and dynamic inflow model are formed. On this basis, the rotor aerodynamic load model and the flight dynamics model of the helicopter vortex ring state are established, and the wind tunnel and flight test data are used to verify the model. The results show that the proposed model can reasonably and accurately predict the critical damping boundary of the rotor vortex ring state and the changes of the rotor induced velocity with the helicopter descent rate and forward flight speed. Combined with the rotor aerodynamic load model, the proposed model can accurately predict the changes of the rotor tension and increment of torque coefficient with the helicopter descent rate trend. Comparison with flight test data shows that the proposed model accurately simulates the dynamic characteristics of helicopter vertical damping in the rotor vortex ring state, and is suitable for flight mechanics analysis applications.

Key words: helicopter, rotor, vortex ring state, induced velocity, flight dynamics

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