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沙盲环境直升机桨叶磨损分析方法

谭剑锋1,闫羽泽1,张卫国2,刘亚奎3,邵天双2   

  1. 1. 南京工业大学
    2.
    3. 空气动力研究与发展中心
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-30 修回日期:2024-09-29 出版日期:2024-10-08 发布日期:2024-10-08
  • 通讯作者: 谭剑锋
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金;江苏省自然科学基金;江苏省高校“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师项目

Analyzed method of helicopter blade erosion in brownout condition

  • Received:2024-07-30 Revised:2024-09-29 Online:2024-10-08 Published:2024-10-08
  • Contact: Jian-Feng TAN

摘要: 直升机“沙盲”现象不仅威胁飞行安全,而且引发桨叶磨损,降低旋翼性能。为此,基于粘性涡粒子法和离散单元法的直升机“沙盲”分析模型计算沙云时变形态,耦合沙粒-桨叶冲击模型与桨叶磨损模型,考虑旋翼桨叶高速冲击磨损特性,建立“沙盲”环境直升机桨叶磨损分析方法。通过与不锈钢SS304、镍合金、钛合金Ti-6AL-4V、玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂GF/EP、双向碳纤维增强环氧树脂CF/EP、聚氨酯PU的靶板磨损试验对比,验证了分析方法的准确性。随后研究EH-60L直升机前飞“沙盲”环境的桨叶磨损特性,并分析飞行速度对桨叶磨损的影响特性。直升机“沙盲”环境下,桨叶与沙云碰撞程度、桨叶磨损、旋翼磨损区域均随时间显著增加,同时,受桨叶进入沙云时间更长、沙粒冲击速度更大、冲击角度更大的影响,桨尖磨损远高于桨叶内侧。此外,桨尖磨损和旋翼磨损区域随飞行速度增加而先增加后减小。

关键词: 桨叶磨损, 直升机沙盲, 磨损模型, 离散单元法, 碰撞模型

Abstract: The behavior of helicopter brownout endangers flight safety, induces rotor blade erosion, and reduces its performance. An analyzed method of helicopter blade erosion in brownout condition is then proposed. In this method, variations of the sand cloud are simulated by a helicopter brownout model based on a viscous vortex particle method and a discrete element method, a collision and erosion models between blade and sand cloud are coupled, and the characteristics of blade erosion with high velocity is also considered. It compares with experimental data of plane erosion with different impact velocities, impact angles, and materials, including stainless steel (SS304), nickel, titanium (Ti-6Al-4V), glass fiber reinforced epoxy (CF/EP), bidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (GF/EP), and polyurethane (PU), to validate the method. The characteristics of blade erosion for the EH-60L helicopter in brownout condition is then analyzed, and the influence of flight speed on the blade erosion is also investigated. The results show that the predicted erosion rate by the present method agrees well with the experiment. As time increases, the collision between the blade and the sand cloud, the blade erosion, and the rotor erosion zone significantly increases in helicopter brownout condition. Furthermore, the erosion in blade tip is obvious worse than inner blade due to the longer time period, larger impact velocity and angle. Additionally, the blade erosion and the rotor erosion zone increase firstly and then reduce with increasing flight speed.

Key words: Blade erosion, helicopter brownout, erosion model, discrete element method, collision model

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