航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (11): 531280-531280   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31280

集成多旋翼气动干扰的UAM飞行动力学模型

王冶平1, 吉洪蕾1,2(), 康清宇1, 邓皓轩2, 王畅2   

  1. 1.重庆大学 航空航天学院,重庆 400044
    2.中国空气动力研究与发展中心 旋翼空气动力学重点实验室,绵阳 621000
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30 修回日期:2024-10-23 接受日期:2025-02-12 出版日期:2025-02-21 发布日期:2025-02-18
  • 通讯作者: 吉洪蕾 E-mail:jhl@cqu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11902052);重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1592);中国空气动力研究与发展中心旋翼空气动力学重点实验室研究开放课题(RAL202302-3)

Integration of multirotor aerodynamic interference in UAM flight dynamics model

Yeping WANG1, Honglei JI1,2(), Qingyu KANG1, Haoxuan DENG2, Chang WANG2   

  1. 1.College of Aerospace Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing  400044,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Rotor Aerodynamics,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang  621000,China
  • Received:2024-09-30 Revised:2024-10-23 Accepted:2025-02-12 Online:2025-02-21 Published:2025-02-18
  • Contact: Honglei JI E-mail:jhl@cqu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(11902052);Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1592);Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Rotor Aerodynamics, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center(RAL202302-3)

摘要:

针对多旋翼电动垂直起降飞行器气动干扰强、现有方法难以快速高效分析其对飞行器飞行性能及飞行品质影响的难题,发展了一种集成多旋翼气动干扰的城市空中交通(UAM)飞行动力学模型。首先,综合经典涡流理论与旋翼动态入流模型,建立了适于飞行力学分析的多旋翼诱导速度动态入流模型,并计入旋翼挥舞与机体刚性耦合运动的影响,形成集成多旋翼气动干扰的飞行动力学模型。然后,通过与国外文献数据对比验证本文模型的准确性,分析了多旋翼气动干扰对飞行器平衡特性和需用功率特性的影响。最后,采用小扰动线化模型研究了多旋翼气动干扰对飞行器稳定性的影响。结果表明:旋翼间气动干扰主要影响飞行器中低速飞行状态的飞行性能和飞行品质。气动干扰导致前旋翼需用功率略微降低、后旋翼需用功率显著增加,且显著改变了飞行器的纵向操纵特性。多旋翼气动干扰显著增强了悬停/低速飞行的速度和航向静稳定性,并提高了中速飞行的横向静稳定性,但导致迎角静稳定性转为不稳定,进而使沉浮模态和螺旋模态的动稳定性变差。

关键词: 四旋翼飞行器, 气动干扰, 飞行力学, 静稳定性, 动稳定性

Abstract:

To address the challenge of strong aerodynamic interference in multi-rotor electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) aircraft and the difficulty of quickly and efficiently analyzing its impact on flight performance and flight quality, an Urban Air Mobility (UAM) flight dynamics model integrated with multi-rotor aerodynamic interference is developed. First, by combining classical vortex theory and dynamic inflow model, a dynamic inflow model suitable for flight dynamics analysis of multirotor is established, accounting for the effects of coupling between rotor flapping and rigid-body motion, thus forming a flight dynamics model that incorporates multirotor aerodynamic interference. Then, the accuracy of this model is validated through comparison with data from international literature, and the impact of multirotor aerodynamic interference on the equilibrium characteristics and required power characteristics of the aircraft is analyzed. Finally, a small-disturbance linearized model is used to study the effect of multirotor aerodynamic interference on the stability of the aircraft. The results show that aerodynamic interference between rotors mainly affects the flight performance and handling qualities of the aircraft in low- to medium-speed flight conditions. Aerodynamic interference slightly reduces the required power of the front rotors while significantly increasing that of the rear rotors, substantially altering the aircraft’s longitudinal control characteristics. Multirotor aerodynamic interference significantly enhances the speed and yaw static stability during hover/low-speed flight and improves the lateral static stability in medium-speed flight; however, it causes the angle-of-attack static stability to become unstable, leading to a deterioration in dynamic stability for the heave and spiral modes.

Key words: quadrotor aircraft, aerodynamic interference, flight dynamics, static stability, dynamic stability

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