航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (11): 531887-531887   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31887

基于机动避撞策略的低空多旋翼无人机安全间隔计算模型

陈运翔1,2,3, 张建平1,2,4(), 王致远2, 邹翔2,4, 赵嶷飞5, 赖庭峰2,4   

  1. 1.西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,成都 611756
    2.低空交通智能管控四川省重点实验室,成都 611756
    3.武汉大学 电子信息学院,武汉 430072
    4.中国民用航空总局第二研究所 无人机智能交通技术中心,成都 610041
    5.中国民航大学 空中交通管理学院,天津 300300
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-03-05 接受日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2025-04-27 发布日期:2025-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 张建平 E-mail:zhangjp@swjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4300903);国家自然科学基金民航联合研究基金(U2433217);四川省重大科技专项揭榜挂帅项目(2024ZDZX0044)

Safety separation calculation model for multi-rotor drones in low-altitude airspace based on avoidance strategy

Yunxiang CHEN1,2,3, Jianping ZHANG1,2,4(), Zhiyuan WANG2, Xiang ZOU2,4, Yifei ZHAO5, Tingfeng LAI2,4   

  1. 1.School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China
    2.Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-altitude Traffic Intelligent Control,Chengdu 611756,China
    3.Electronic Information School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China
    4.UAV Smart Traffic Technology Center,The Second Research Institute of CAAC,Chengdu 610041,China
    5.College of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-03-05 Accepted:2025-03-27 Online:2025-04-27 Published:2025-04-17
  • Contact: Jianping ZHANG E-mail:zhangjp@swjtu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program(2022YFB4300903);National Natural Science Foundation of China Civil Aviation Joint Research Fund(U2433217);Sichuan Province Major Science and Technology Special Project(2024ZDZX0044)

摘要:

低空空域无人机安全间隔,是保障低空无人机安全有序飞行,促进低空经济健康发展的基础前提。低空无人机以多旋翼构型为主,其安全间隔计算尚未充分考虑无人机机动避撞策略,主要问题在于现有模型针对两机机动避撞策略,无法适应多机复杂遭遇场景。以多旋翼无人机运动状态、相对速度、环境因素、导航位置误差、飞行技术误差和系统冗余等多种因素,结合遭遇场景建立了多旋翼无人机安全间隔计算模型。基于运动学原理和最近接近距离,推导了双机及多机遭遇时的避让间隔计算公式,通过构建多样化避撞策略,以仿真方法给出强风干扰、系统延迟时双机及多机避让间隔数值,最后给出多机遭遇不同接近率时的安全间隔,可以为低空运行安全与间隔管理提供参考。

关键词: 机动避撞策略, 低空空域, 多旋翼无人机, 安全间隔, 碰撞概率, 安全目标水平

Abstract:

The safety separation of drones in low-altitude airspace is a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring the safe and orderly flight of low-altitude drones and for promoting the healthy development of the low-altitude economy. Low-altitude drones are predominantly of multi-rotor configurations, and the calculation of their safety separation has not yet fully taken into account the drone’s maneuver collision avoidance strategies. The main issue lies in the fact that existing models, designed for two-aircraft maneuver collision avoidance strategies, cannot adapt to complex multi-aircraft encounter scenarios. Based on encounter scenarios, this paper establishes a safety separation calculation model for multi-rotor drones by considering various factors such as the motion state of multi-rotor drones, relative velocity, environmental factors, navigation position errors, flight technical errors, and system redundancy. Using kinematic principles and the closest point of approach, this paper derives the calculation formulas for avoidance separation during both dual-aircraft and multi-aircraft encounters. Moreover, by constructing diverse collision avoidance strategies, the paper provides numerical values for dual-aircraft and multi-aircraft avoidance separation under strong wind interference and system delays through simulation methods. Finally, the safety separation for multi-aircraft encounters at different approach rates are presented, providing a reference for low-altitude operation safety and separation management.

Key words: avoidance strategy, low-altitude airspace, multi-rotor drones, safety separation, collision probability, target level of safety

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