航空学报 > 2024, Vol. 45 Issue (16): 129293-129293   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.29293

基于超声导波的积冰量辨识及定位方法

张晏鑫1,2, 张鸿健1,2, 熊建军1, 赵照1, 冉林1, 易贤1,2()   

  1. 1.中国空气动力研究与发展中心 结冰与防除冰重点实验室,绵阳 621000
    2.中国空气动力研究与发展中心 空天飞行空气动力科学与技术全国重点实验室,绵阳 621000
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-10 修回日期:2023-08-03 接受日期:2023-08-07 出版日期:2024-08-25 发布日期:2023-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 易贤 E-mail:yixian_2000@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大科技专项(J2019-Ⅲ-0010-0054);国家自然科学基金重点项目(12132019);中国博士后科学基金(2021MD703966)

Ice accumulation identification and localization method based on ultrasonic guided waves

Yanxin ZHANG1,2, Hongjian ZHANG1,2, Jianjun XIONG1, Zhao ZHAO1, Lin RAN1, Xian YI1,2()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang  621000,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang  621000,China
  • Received:2023-07-10 Revised:2023-08-03 Accepted:2023-08-07 Online:2024-08-25 Published:2023-08-11
  • Contact: Xian YI E-mail:yixian_2000@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Major Science and Technology Project (J2019-Ⅲ-0010-0054);National Natural Science Foundation of China (Key Program)(12132019);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021MD703966)

摘要:

为实现飞机结冰区域化定量探测能力,提出了一种基于Lamb波的冰层定位和定量辨识方法。首先,建立了压电耦合的波动力学仿真模型,通过三维有限元数值计算分析了Lamb波在铝板、冰层中的传播特性及模态转换过程,选取S0/B1模态作为结冰监测模态,并建立了一种基于小波变换的信号分析方法以提取S0/B1模态波的时间延迟特征量。进一步,研究分析了不同冰层结构尺寸对Lamb波信号的影响规律。结果表明,随着冰层长度(波导传播方向上的积冰量)的增大,B1模态波的时延比线性增大;冰层宽度(波导传播展向垂直方向上的积冰量)对B1模态波时延存在一个影响区域,在影响区域内(冰层宽度不大于40 mm),时延比与冰层宽度成线性关系;冰层厚度与B1模态波时延比总体上具有正相关变化趋势,冰层厚度在1.5 mm以内时,其与时延比之间具有较好的线性关系。基于此,建立了Lamb波压电阵列定位成像的数值计算模型,并提出了一种自适应阈值概率重构算法,进一步采用时延比来表征探测区域内的积冰程度,最终验证了冰层的定位成像、结冰定量辨识的可行性,提升了超声导波结冰在线快速评估的能力,为超声导波结冰区域化定量探测奠定了基础。

关键词: 超声导波, Lamb波, 结冰探测, 积冰量, 定位成像

Abstract:

To achieve regionalized quantitative detection of aircraft icing, we propose a method for ice layer localization and quantitative identification based on the Lamb waves. Firstly, a wave dynamic simulation model of piezoelectric coupling is established. The propagation characteristics and mode conversion process of the Lamb waves in the aluminum plate and ice layers are analyzed with the three-dimensional finite element method. The S0/B1 mode is selected as the icing monitoring mode, and a signal analysis method based on wavelet transform is developed to extract the time of delay of S0/B1 mode waves. Furthermore, the influence of different ice layer structural sizes on the Lamb wave signals is analyzed. It is found that the time of delay ratio of the B1 mode waves linearly increases with the increase in the ice layer length (ice accumulation in the direction of wave propagation). The ice layer width (ice accumulation in the direction perpendicular to the wave propagation) has a range of influence on the time delay of the B1 mode waves. For the range of ice layer width not exceeding 40 mm, the time of delay ratio has a linear relationship with the width of ice. The ice layer thickness shows an approximate positive correlation with the time of delay ratio of the B1 mode waves, and a good linear relationship exists between them within an ice layer thickness of 1.5 mm. Finally, a simulation model of the Lamb waves piezoelectric array is established, and a modified reconstruction algorithm for the probabilistic inspection is proposed. The ice accumulation level is characterized by the time of delay to verify the feasibility of ice layer localization imaging and quantitative identification in the detection area and improve the ability to rapidly evaluate icing online based on ultrasonic guided waves, laying the foundation for icing quantitative detection via ultrasonic guided waves.

Key words: ultrasonic guided waves, Lamb waves, ice detection, ice accumulation, localization and imaging

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