航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (8): 631189-631189   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31189

高超声速进气道预喷注技术研究进展与关键问题

罗飞腾1,2, 渠镇铭1, 李海涛1, 李新珂1, 姚达豪1, 陈文娟1,2, 龙垚松1(), 韦宝禧3,4, 满延进3,4, 杨甫江3,4, 程强5, 孔武斌2,6   

  1. 1.华中科技大学 航空航天学院,武汉 430074
    2.电能高密度转换全国重点实验室,武汉 430074
    3.冲压发动机技术全国重点实验室,北京 100074
    4.北京动力机械研究所,北京 100074
    5.华中科技大学 能源与动力工程学院,武汉 430074
    6.华中科技大学 电气与电子工程学院,武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-12 修回日期:2024-09-30 接受日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 龙垚松 E-mail:longyaosong@hust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    冲压发动机技术全国重点实验室基金(WDZC6142703202202)

Research progress and key issues of inlet pre-injection at hypersonic condition

Feiteng LUO1,2, Zhenming QU1, Haitao LI1, Xinke LI1, Dahao YAO1, Wenjuan CHEN1,2, Yaosong LONG1(), Baoxi WEI3,4, Yanjin MAN3,4, Fujiang YANG3,4, Qiang CHENG5, Wubin KONG2,6   

  1. 1.School of Aerospace Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of High Density Electrical Energy Conversion,Wuhan 430074,China
    3.National Key Laboratory of Ramjet Technology,Beijing 100074,China
    4.Beijing Power Machinery Institute,Beijing 100074,China
    5.School of Energy and Power Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China
    6.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China
  • Received:2024-09-12 Revised:2024-09-30 Accepted:2024-10-11 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-15
  • Contact: Yaosong LONG E-mail:longyaosong@hust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Laboratory of Ramjet Technology Foundation(WDZC6142703202202)

摘要:

吸气式高超声速推进技术是高超声速飞行器发展的核心支撑,随着高超声速飞行马赫数的不断提升,吸气式高超声速发动机内流面临高焓高速、驻留时间极短等极端条件,给内流燃烧组织、性能提升、速域边界拓展等带来极大困难与挑战。进气道预喷注作为一种新型主动式燃料喷注与混合增强技术被引入高超声速推进系统,为更高马赫数发动机内流流动与燃烧组织、性能匹配与调控、一体化设计优化提供了新的潜在可控因素,已经得到领域的关注与研究重视。基于高马赫数高超声速推进背景需求,对高超声速进气道预喷注技术研究进展与关键问题进行了较为系统的综述分析。首先,阐述了高超声速进气道预喷注概念,分析其中基本气动热力工作过程及耦合作用影响;其次,对高马赫数发动机研究概况进行简要介绍,指出其中重点发展方向及其对进气道预喷注的共性需求;然后,梳理了超声速来流喷注与混合的基本研究认识,指出目前仍缺乏高超声速复杂来流条件下喷注混合的充分认识;最后,系统总结了国内外在高超声速进气道预喷注方面的研究进展,对高超声速进气道预喷注需要解决的主要关键问题进行论述分析,提出了未来研究展望与建议,以促进进气道预喷注技术在高马赫数高超声速推进系统的应用研究与发展。

关键词: 高超声速推进, 超燃冲压发动机, 斜爆震发动机, 进气道, 预喷注, 燃料掺混

Abstract:

Air-breathing hypersonic propulsion technology is a core foundation for the of hypersonic vehicles development. As the flight Mach number of hypersonic vehicles continues to increase, the internal flow of air-breathing hypersonic engine faces extreme conditions such as high enthalpy, high velocity, and extremely short residence times. These conditions present significant challenges in combustion organization, performance improvement, and upper flight Mach number extension. Inlet pre-injection, as a novel active fuel injection and mixing enhancement technology, has been proposed and introduced into hypersonic propulsion systems. It provides a new potential controllable factor for the internal flow and combustion organization, performance matching and control, and integrated design optimization of higher Mach number engines, and has garnered attention and research interests in the field. Considering the needs for high Mach number hypersonic propulsion, this paper systematically reviews and analyzes the research progress and key issues of hypersonic inlet pre-injection technology. First, the concept of hypersonic inlet pre-injection is introduced, and the basic aerodynamic and thermodynamic processes and coupling effects are analyzed. Second, a brief overview of the research status of high Mach number engines is provided, highlighting the key development directions and their common requirements for inlet pre-injection. Then, the fundamental understanding of supersonic inflow injection and mixing is summarized, pointing out the current lack of comprehensive understanding of injection and mixing under complex hypersonic inflow conditions. Finally, the research progress on hypersonic inlet pre-injection at home and abroad is systematically summarized, with a discussion and analysis of the main key issues that need to be addressed. The research prospects and suggestions are proposed to promote the application and development of inlet pre-injection technology in high Mach number hypersonic propulsion systems.

Key words: hypersonic propulsion, scramjet engine, oblique detonation engine, inlet, pre-injection, fuel mixing

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