航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (6): 531556-531556   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31556

空间机器人操作技术研究现状与展望

丁希仑, 陈一同, 王成才(), 徐坤   

  1. 北京航空航天大学 机械工程及自动化学院,北京 100191
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20 修回日期:2024-12-09 接受日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-01-14 发布日期:2025-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 王成才 E-mail:cc_wang@buaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52405003);北京市科技新星计划

Research status and prospect of space robot operation technology

Xilun DING, Yitong CHEN, Chengcai WANG(), Kun XU   

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
  • Received:2024-11-20 Revised:2024-12-09 Accepted:2024-12-30 Online:2025-01-14 Published:2025-01-14
  • Contact: Chengcai WANG E-mail:cc_wang@buaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52405003);Beijing Nova Program

摘要:

空间机器人是执行在轨服务、星球探测、星表采样以及地外设施建设等任务的核心利器。空间机器人操作技术,涵盖视觉感知、精细建模、规划控制、人机交互以及多机协作等多个环节,是保障空间机器人高效准确完成各类空间操作任务的关键。系统归纳了国内外典型空间机器人及其操作技术,从非结构环境下的视觉感知与定位、面向刚柔耦合系统的动力学建模、动态约束和有限资源下的规划与控制以及人机交互与多机协同操作4个层面分析了空间机器人操作过程中涉及的关键技术,并结合中国未来深空探测发展趋势和任务需求,阐述了空间机器人自主化智能化操作面临的关键挑战与发展方向。

关键词: 空间机器人, 在轨操作, 星表操作, 视觉感知, 动力学建模, 规划控制, 人机交互, 多机协作

Abstract:

Space robots serve as indispensable tools for executing tasks such as on-orbit servicing, planetary exploration, sample retrieval, and the construction of extraterrestrial facilities. The operational technologies of space robots encompass multiple aspects, such as visual perception, precise modeling, planning and control, human-robot interaction, and multi-robot collaboration. These technologies are essential to ensure the efficient and accurate execution of diverse space operations. This paper systematically reviews representative space robots and their operation technologies world-wide. Key techniques involved in the operation of space robots are analyzed from four perspectives: visual perception and localization in unstructured environments, dynamic modeling of rigid-flexible coupled systems, planning and control under dynamic constraints and limited resources, and human-machine interaction and multi-agent collaborative operations. Furthermore, challenges and future directions for the autonomous and intelligent operation of space robots are discussed in the context of China’‍s evolving deep-space exploration strategies and mission requirements.

Key words: space robots, on-orbit operations, planetary surface operations, visual perception, dynamic modeling, planning and control, human-robot interaction, multi-robot collaboration

中图分类号: