航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (5): 531342-531342   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31342

固体力学与飞行器总体设计

堆叠式卫星系统分离动力学关键技术与展望

金栋平1,2, 丁鼎峰1,2, 伍霖1,2, 文浩1,2, 张晓彤3, 孙加亮1,2()   

  1. 1.南京航空航天大学 航空学院,南京 210016
    2.航空航天结构动力学及控制全国重点实验室,南京 210016 3.上海卫星工程研究所,上海 201109
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30 修回日期:2024-10-09 接受日期:2024-10-16 出版日期:2024-10-30 发布日期:2024-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 孙加亮 E-mail:sunjialiang@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12232011);民用航天预研项目(D030201)

Key technologies and prospects for separation dynamics of stacked satellite systems

Dongping JIN1,2, Dingfeng DING1,2, Lin WU1,2, Hao WEN1,2, Xiaotong ZHANG3, Jialiang SUN1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing  210016,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures,Nanjing  210016,China
    3.Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai  201109,China
  • Received:2024-09-30 Revised:2024-10-09 Accepted:2024-10-16 Online:2024-10-30 Published:2024-10-29
  • Contact: Jialiang SUN E-mail:sunjialiang@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12232011);Civil Aerospace Pre-research Project(D030201)

摘要:

组建低轨卫星互联网星座用于通信,需要多星在轨互联,如何高效率地构建在轨星座并成功组网是一项复杂的系统工程问题。目前,普遍采用堆叠式一箭多星发射入轨,继而在轨自主分离的方式进行组网。为此,综述了堆叠式卫星的应用需求与发射优势,梳理了国内外堆叠式卫星的发射情况;针对堆叠式卫星在轨分离技术难点,概述了堆叠式卫星构型设计及锁紧分离机构设计优化;针对堆叠式卫星分离动力学问题,总结了分离前堆叠卫星组合体的动力学建模及分析方法、分离过程多刚体系统动力学建模与仿真手段,以及分离过程接触碰撞的检测算法;针对堆叠式卫星分离过程地面物理仿真问题,介绍了堆叠式卫星同层分离与层间分离地面试验方法。最后,总结了堆叠式卫星分离动力学关键技术,并指出若干值得深入研究的前沿方向。

关键词: 堆叠式卫星, 分离动力学, 卫星构型设计, 分离机构设计, 动力学建模与仿真, 接触碰撞, 分离试验

Abstract:

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of satellite internet constellation via low-orbit communication satellites in the main aerospace industries of various countries. For efficient construction of the satellite internet constellation, researchers from the main aerospace industries focus on the technologies of multi-satellite launch of stacked satellite system, as well as autonomous separation and reconfiguration on orbit. Therefore, this paper reviews the application requirements and launch merits of stacked satellites, and introduces the development of the launched stacked satellites all over the world. For the challenges of on orbit separation, this paper also presents the configuration design of the stacked satellites and the optimization design of separation mechanisms. For the separation dynamics of the stacked satellites, the paper outlines the dynamic modeling and simulation methods for the system before separation, the rigid multibody system during separation, and most importantly, the contact detection algorithms during separation. For the ground experiment validations, the paper briefly exhibits the experiment platform and results for separations of two satellites between layers and in the same layer. Finally, the key technologies of stacked satellites separation dynamics are summarized, and several frontier directions for further study are highlighed.

Key words: stacked satellites, separation dynamics, satellite configuration design, separation mechanism design, dynamic modeling and simulation, contact detection, separation experiment

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