航空学报 > 2023, Vol. 44 Issue (12): 327731-327731   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27731

基于逆投影的多椭圆联合快速高精度定位算法

刘传凯1,2,3(), 雷俊雄1, 刘茜2,3, 孙军2,3, 苏建华4, 胡晓东2, 李东升1   

  1. 1.江西理工大学 电气工程与自动化学院,赣州 341000
    2.北京航天飞行控制中心,北京 100190
    3.航天飞行动力学技术重点实验室,北京 100190
    4.中国科学院 自动化研究所,北京 100194
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-30 修回日期:2022-08-04 接受日期:2022-08-12 出版日期:2022-08-18 发布日期:2022-08-17
  • 通讯作者: 刘传凯 E-mail:ckliu2005@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(61972020);实验室基金(6142210200307)

Fast and precise location measurement of joint multiple ellipses based on inverse transformation of perspective projection

Chuankai LIU1,2,3(), Junxiong LEI1, Qian LIU2,3, Jun SUN2,3, Jianhua SU4, Xiaodong HU2, Dongsheng LI1   

  1. 1.School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,  Ganzhou 341000,China
    2.Beijing Aerospace Control Center,Beijing 100190,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerospace Flight Dynamics,Beijing 100190,China
    4.Institute of Automation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100194,China
  • Received:2022-06-30 Revised:2022-08-04 Accepted:2022-08-12 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-08-17
  • Contact: Chuankai LIU E-mail:ckliu2005@126.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(61972020);Foundation of Laboratory(6142210200307)

摘要:

合作靶标测量是用于航天器交会、对接、抓捕与维修等多类操作任务的重要定位手段,然而目前基于合作靶标的定位方法存在靶标提取运算复杂、易受到干扰等问题,致使时效性和稳定性欠佳,且定位精度也会受到影响。针对此问题,提出基于逆投影变换的多圆形合作靶标相对位姿测量算法,利用成像光束逆投影方式将靶标轮廓点投射到空间中形成多个由射线簇组成的椭圆锥,然后根据合作靶标的多个圆形轮廓与椭圆锥射线簇之间的相对关系构建位姿残差优化模型,并通过Levenberg-Marquardt(L-M)法实现对目标位姿的精确解算。该方法无需根据靶标轮廓点拟合椭圆,提升了计算效率且避免了椭圆拟合产生的精度误差;通过多个射线簇的联合平差运算极大减少了噪声点与错误点对位姿精度的影响,提升了算法鲁棒性和抗干扰性。实验表明:该算法在不同距离、不同噪声环境下均取得较高的精度、计算效率与鲁棒性,为空间机械臂抓捕和交会对接等场景下合作靶标的快速稳定精确视觉测量提供有力支撑。

关键词: 合作靶标, 空间机器人, 多圆形目标, 空间逆投影, 视觉定位

Abstract:

Cooperative target measurement is an important positioning method for many kinds of operation tasks such as spacecraft rendering, docking, capture and maintenance. However, the current positioning method based on cooperative target has some problems, such as complex operation of target extraction and vulnerability to interferences, which result in poor timeliness, stability, and positioning accuracy. To solve the above problems, a location method of circular cooperative target is proposed based on inverse transformation of perspective projection. Firstly, target contour points are projected into the space by inverse projection of the imaging beam to form a plurality of elliptical cones composed of ray clusters. Then, an optimization model of position and posture residuals is constructed based on the relative relationship between multiple circular outlines of the cooperative target and elliptical conical ray clusters. Finally, an accurate pose of the target is obtained by the Levenberg-Marquadt algorithm. The measurement proposed does not need to fit the ellipse according to target contour points, which improves the calculation efficiency and avoids the accuracy error caused by ellipse fitting. The joint adjustment of multiple ray clusters greatly reduces the influence of noise and error points on position and posture accuracy, and improves the robustness and anti-interference of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has high accuracy, computing efficiency and robustness at different distances and noise environments, and can provide strong support for rapid, stable and accurate visual measurement of cooperative targets in the scenes of capture and rendezvous and docking of the space manipulator.

Key words: cooperative target, space robot, multiple circle target, space inverse projection, visual localization

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