航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (20): 531214-531214   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31214

考虑全机声爆特性的超声速自然层流机翼设计方法

郑可风1,2, 宋文萍1,2(), 聂晗1,2, 丁玉临1,2, 乔建领1,2, 陈晴1,2, 王奕衡1,2, 宋科1,2, 张科施1,2   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 航空学院气动与多学科优化研究所,西安 710072
    2.飞行器基础布局全国重点实验室,西安 710072
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18 修回日期:2024-10-08 接受日期:2025-01-07 出版日期:2025-01-10 发布日期:2025-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 宋文萍 E-mail:wpsong@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12072285);国家自然科学基金(52472385)

Natural laminar flow wing design method for supersonic civil aircraft considering full-aircraft sonic-boom characteristics

Kefeng ZHENG1,2, Wenping SONG1,2(), Han NIE1,2, Yulin DING1,2, Jianling QIAO1,2, Qing CHEN1,2, Yiheng WANG1,2, Ke SONG1,2, Keshi ZHANG1,2   

  1. 1.Institute of Aerodynamic and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization,School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Aircraft Configuration Design,Xi’an 710072,China
  • Received:2024-09-18 Revised:2024-10-08 Accepted:2025-01-07 Online:2025-01-10 Published:2025-01-10
  • Contact: Wenping SONG E-mail:wpsong@nwpu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12072285)

摘要:

低阻/低声爆设计是超声速民机重返蓝天并实现持续商业运营的关键技术之一。对于超声速民机来说,自然层流机翼技术的减阻潜力已得到初步验证,然而如何在全机低声爆约束下开展自然层流机翼设计仍需进一步研究。研究了对自然层流设计起决定作用的机翼压力分布特征对全机声爆特性的影响,进而提出了考虑全机声爆特性的超声速自然层流机翼设计方法。分析了机翼压力分布变化对声爆等效截面积分布、声爆波形的影响。结果表明,在经过低声爆设计的构型上,改变机翼压力分布主要导致全机轴向升力分布的变化,并破坏原构型的具有低声爆特征的激波-膨胀波系,进而使地面声爆增大。基于上述发现,发展了考虑全机声爆特性的超声速自然层流机翼设计方法,该方法包含3个主要步骤:开展低声爆设计以确定初始构型的布局形式与机身形状;开展多轮次机翼压力梯度反设计以获得自然层流减阻所需的压力分布;对机身及平尾/垂尾开展多轮次低声爆修形设计,补偿机翼压力分布改变带来的声爆特性变化,降低全机声爆强度。采用本方法在一个30 t级超声速民机方案上开展自然层流机翼设计。结果表明:方案在保持良好低声爆特性(地面声爆强度81.7 PLdB)的基础上,机翼上表面可维持33%的自然层流范围,摩擦阻力较基准减小5.2%,验证了本文方法的有效性。

关键词: 超声速民机, 自然层流机翼设计, 低声爆设计, 压力梯度反设计, 声爆特性

Abstract:

Low drag and low sonic-boom design technologies both play significant roles in the re-introduction and sustainable commercial operations of next-generation supersonic civil aircraft. Although the potential of natural laminar flow wing to reduce the drag of supersonic civil aircraft has been verified, further research is still needed to achieve laminar flow wing design under the constraint of low sonic-boom intensity. Considering that the laminar flow region of the wing is determined by the wing pressure distribution, the influence of wing pressure distribution on the sonic-boom characteristics of the aircraft is first investigated. A method for supersonic natural laminar flow wing design considering low sonic-boom intensity requirement of the aircraft is then proposed. Firstly, the influence of wing pressure distribution on the equivalent areas and sonic-boom waveform of the aircraft is analyzed. Results indicate that on the low-boom configuration, changing the wing pressure distribution mainly leads to changes in the distribution of axial lift of the aircraft. In addition, the original configuration’s shock-expansion waves that feature low-sonic boom characteristics are also affected, leading to increase of intensity of ground sonic boom. Based on these discoveries, a three-step method for supersonic natural laminar flow wing design is proposed considering the sonic-boom constraint of the aircraft. The first step is to conduct low boom design to determine the layout of the configuration and fuselage shape. The second step is to conduct multiple rounds of pressure gradient inverse design on the wing to obtain the pressure distribution required by natural laminar flow. The third step is to carry out multiple rounds of low sonic-boom design on the fuselage, horizontal tail and vertical tail to compensate for changes in sonic boom characteristics caused by changes in wing pressure distribution. The proposed method is applied to achieve natural laminar flow on a wing of a 30 t low boom supersonic civil aircraft configuration. The designed configuration not only maintains low sonic-boom characteristics (sonic boom intensity equals 81.7 PLdB), but also achieves 33% natural laminar flow on the upper surface of the wing and a 5.2% reduction in friction drag compared to the baseline configuration. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: supersonic civil aircraft, natural laminar flow wing design, low sonic-boom design, pressure gradient inverse design, sonic-boom characteristics

中图分类号: