含稀土TiCx增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2020.24115

先进制造技术与装备专栏

本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索

前一篇 | 后一篇

含稀土TiC_x增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

张志强¹, 杨凡¹, 张宏伟², 张天刚²

1. 中国民航大学航空工程学院, 天津 300300;
2. 中国民航大学工程技术训练中心, 天津 300300

收稿日期:2020-04-20 修回日期:2020-05-21 发布日期:2020-07-17
通讯作者: 张天刚 E-mail:tgzhang@cauc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51905536）；中央高校基本科研业务费（3122019084）

Microstructure and wear resistance of TiC_x reinforced Ti-based laser cladding coating with rare earth

ZHANG Zhiqiang¹, YANG Fan¹, ZHANG Hongwei², ZHANG Tiangang²

1. College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China;
2. Engineering Techniques Training Center, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

Received:2020-04-20 Revised:2020-05-21 Published:2020-07-17
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51905536);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (3122019084)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V合金表面成功制备了含稀土CeO₂的碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层。运用渗透探伤、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、电子探针、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等分析和测试方法研究了碳化钛增强钛基激光熔覆层的成形质量、微观组织、元素分布、硬度和摩擦磨损性能。结果表明，涂层内无裂纹缺陷，仅在层间过渡区分布有少量气孔（孔隙率为1.65%）。涂层中物相主要包括富Ti、Cr元素的β固溶体（CrTi₄）、缺位型碳化钛（TiC_x）和稀土氧化物（CeO₂）。熔覆层各微区的碳化钛形貌存在显著差异，熔覆层顶部和中部区域呈发达树枝晶状和针状，而结合区由针状和小尺寸不发达枝晶组成。碳化钛枝晶中碳元素分布不均匀，一次枝晶含碳量高于二次枝晶。基体相中Ni和Cr元素呈现明显偏析，而Al和V元素分布相对均匀。此外，稀土氧化物CeO₂主要分布于TiC_x与CrTi₄相界以及CrTi₄晶粒边界处。与基材相比，尽管TiC_x增强钛基复合涂层具有较高的摩擦系数，但其耐磨性显著增加（提高近52%）。熔覆层和基材磨损机制均为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损的复合磨损模式，但熔覆层的磨损程度较轻。

关键词: 钛合金, 激光熔覆, TiC_x, CrTi₄, CeO₂, 摩擦磨损

Abstract: Titanium carbide reinforced titanium-based cladding coating with rare earth CeO₂ on Ti6Al4V surface is successfully prepared by the coaxial powder-feeding laser cladding technology. The forming quality, microstructure, element distribution, hardness, and friction and wear properties are investigated by penetration inspection, optical microscopes, X-ray diffractometers, scanning electron microscopes, energy spectrum analyzers, electro-probe microanalyzers, microhardness, and friction and wear testing methods. The results show no crack defects in the coating, with only a few pores distributed in the interlayer transition zone (the porosity rate 1.65%). The main phases of the coating include β solid solution (CrTi₄) which is rich in Ti and Cr elements, vacant titanium carbide (TiC_x) and rare earth oxide (CeO₂). Significant differences exist in the morphologies of titanium carbides in different zones of the cladding coating. The titanium carbides in the top and middle zones of the cladding coating exhibit well-developed dendritic and needle-like shapes, while the bonding zone consists of needle-like and small-sized undeveloped dendrites. The distribution of the carbon element in the titanium carbide dendrites is relatively heterogeneous, and the carbon content of the primary dendrites is higher than that of the secondary dendrites. Ni and Cr elements in the matrix phase present an obvious segregation phenomenon, while the distribution of Al and V elements are relatively uniform. In addition, rare earth oxide CeO₂ is mainly distributed at the interphase boundary between TiC_x and CrTi₄ as well as the CrTi₄ grain boundary. Compared with the substrate, although the TiC_x reinforced titanium-based composite coating exhibits a higher friction coefficient, the wear resistance is significantly increased (by nearly 52%). Both the wear mechanisms of the cladding coating and the substrate are of composite wear modes combining adhesive wear with abrasive wear; however, the cladding coating displays a lighter degree.

Key words: titanium alloy, laser cladding, TiC_x, CrTi₄, CeO₂, friction and wear

中图分类号:

张志强, 杨凡, 张宏伟, 张天刚. 含稀土TiC_x增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(7): 624115-624115.

ZHANG Zhiqiang, YANG Fan, ZHANG Hongwei, ZHANG Tiangang. Microstructure and wear resistance of TiC_x reinforced Ti-based laser cladding coating with rare earth[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(7): 624115-624115.

参考文献

[1] 朱知寿. 我国航空用钛合金技术研究现状及发展[J]. 航空材料学报, 2014, 34(4):44-50. ZHU Z S. Recent research and development of titanium alloys for aviation application in China[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2014, 34(4):44-50(in Chinese).
[2] 丁文锋,奚欣欣,占京华,等. 航空发动机钛材料磨削技术研究现状及展望[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(6):022763. DING W F, XI X X, ZHAN J H, et al. Research status and future development of grinding technology of titanium materials for aeroengines[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2019, 40(6):022763(in Chinese).
[3] MOLINARI A, STRAFFELINI G, TESI B, et al. Dry sliding wear mechanisms of the Ti6Al4V alloy[J]. Wear, 1997, 208(1-2):105-112.
[4] QIU M, ZHANG Y Z, YANG J H, et al. Microstructure and tribological characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy against GCr15 under high speed and dry sliding[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2006, 434(1):71-75.
[5] REVANKAR G D, SHETTY R, RAO S S, et al. Wear resistance enhancement of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) by ball burnishing process[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2017, 6(1):13-32.
[6] MATSUURA K, KUDOH M. Surface modification of titanium by a diffusional carbo-nitriding method[J]. Acta Materialia, 2002, 50(10):2693-2700.
[7] FENG X G, ZHANG K F, ZHOU H, et al. Characterization of Ti6Al4V alloy with N+C, Ti+N and Ti+C ion implantation[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2019, 48(5):1447-1453.
[8] 姬寿长,李争显,杜继红,等. Ti6Al4V合金表面超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co涂层组织及相分析[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2012, 41(11):2005-2009. JI S C, LI Z X, DU J H, et al. Microstructure and phase analysis of WC-12Co coatings sprayed on Ti6Al4V alloy by HVOF[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2012, 41(11):2005-2009(in Chinese).
[9] 李文虎. Mo/TiC含量对Mo₂FeB₂-TiC复相金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响[J]. 金属热处理, 2019, 44(8):73-77. LI W H. Effect of Mo/TiC content on microstructure and properties of Mo₂FeB₂-TiC multiphase cermets[J]. Heat Treatment of Metals, 2019, 44(8):73-77(in Chinese).
[10] 刘海. SiBCN陶瓷与TC4钛合金的钎焊工艺及机理研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2016. LIU H. Research on processing and mechanism of brazing SiBCN ceramics and TC4 titanium alloy[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016(in Chinese).
[11] MAN H C, ZHANG S, CHENG F T, et al. Microstructure and formation mechanism of in situ synthesized TiC/Ti surface MMC on Ti-6Al-4V by laser cladding[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2001, 44(12):2801-2807.
[12] FAN H M, LIU H Q, REN J, et al. Microstructural characteristics and wear properties of NiCr/Cr₃C₂-WS₂ self-lubricant wear-resistant composite coating on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 395-396(2013):814-817.
[13] TIAN Y S, CHEN C Z, CHEN L X, et al. Effect of RE oxides on the microstructure of the coatings fabricated on titanium alloys by laser alloying technique[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2006, 54(5):847-852.
[14] 张光耀,王成磊,高原,等. 铝合金表面激光熔覆CeO₂+Ni60A熔覆层的组织及耐磨性[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2015, 44(5):1229-1233. ZHANG G Y, WANG C L, GAO Y, et al. Microstructure and wear resistance of CeO₂ +Ni60A composite coating on aluminum alloys by laser cladding[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2015, 44(5):1229-1233(in Chinese).
[15] LIU Y N, SUN R L, NIU W, et al. Effects of CeO₂ on microstructure and properties of TiC/Ti₂Ni reinforced Ti-based laser cladding composite coatings[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2019, 120:84-94.
[16] 刘頔,李敏,黄坚,等. CeO₂含量对激光熔覆TiB/TiN涂层显微组织和性能的影响[J]. 中国激光, 2017, 44(12):1202009. LIU D, LI M, HUANG J, et al. Effect of CeO₂ content on microstructure and properties of TiB/TiN coating by laser cladding[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2017, 44(12):1202009(in Chinese).
[17] 赵卫民,赫庆坤,韩彬,等. TiC-NiCrBSi复合材料的激光熔覆成形性分析[J]. 焊接学报, 2010, 31(6):25-28, 32. ZHAO W M, HE Q K, HAN B, et al. Formation of laser cladding layer of TiC-NiCrBSi composites[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2010, 31(6):25-28, 32(in Chinese).
[18] 刘文今,曾大本,黄惠松. 稀土金属氧化物涂层对铸铁激光强化区组织和性能的影响[J]. 中国激光, 1992, 19(8):613-617. LIU W J, ZENG D B, HUANG H S. Influence of rare-earth metal oxide coating on the structure and properties of laser strengthened area of cast iron[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 1992, 19(8):613-617(in Chinese).
[19] 赵玉珍,史耀武. 表面活性元素硫对焊接熔池中流体流动方式和熔池深宽比的影响[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2004, 16(4):7-10. ZHAO Y Z, SHI Y W. Effect of surface-active element sulfur on flow pattern and aspect ratio of weld pool[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2004, 16(4):7-10(in Chinese).
[20] 陈静,张凤英,谭华,等. 激光多层熔覆沉积预混合Ti-xAl-yV合金粉末在熔池中的熔化与偏析行为[J]. 中国激光, 2010, 37(8):2154-2159. CHEN J, ZHANG F Y, TAN H, et al. Alloying mechanics in moving melt pool during laser solid forming from blended elemental powders[J]. Chinese Journal of lasers, 2010, 37(8):2154-2159(in Chinese).
[21] YU S M, LIU D X, ZHANG X H, et al. Effects of combined plasma chromizing and shot peening on the fatigue properties of a Ti6Al4V alloy[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2015, 353:995-1002.
[22] LIPATNIKOV V N, REMPEL A A, GUSEV A I. Atomic ordering and hardness of nonstoichiometric titanium carbide[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 1997, 15(1-3):61-64.
[23] 金云学,曾松岩,张二林,等. TiC/Ti合金中共晶TiC形态的形成机制研究[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2003, 32(06):451-455. JIN Y X, ZENG S Y, ZHANG E L, et al. Forming mechanism of morphologies of eutectic TiC in TiC/Ti alloys[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2003, 32(6):451-455(in Chinese).
[24] 吕维洁,杨志峰,张荻,等. 原位合成钛基复合材料增强体TiC的微结构特征[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2002, 12(3):511-515. LV W J, YANG Z F, ZHANG D, et al. Microstructural characterization of TiC in in situ synthesized titanium matrix composites[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2002, 12(3):511-515(in Chinese).
[25] 陈帅,陶凤和,贾长治. 选区激光熔化4Cr5MoSiV1模具钢显微组织及显微硬度研究[J]. 中国激光, 2019, 046(1):102007. CHEN S, TAO F H, JIA C Z. Microstructure and micro-hardness of 4Cr5MoSiV1 die steels fabricated by selective laser melting[J]. Chinese Journal of lasers, 2019, 046(1):102007(in Chinese).
[26] WEI D B, ZHANG P Z, YAO Z J, et al. Oxidation of double-glow plasma chromising coating on TC4 titanium alloys[J]. Corrosion Science, 2013, 66:43-50.
[27] 吴晓东,杨冠军,葛鹏,等. β钛合金及其固态相变的归纳[J]. 钛工业进展, 2008, 25(5):1-6. WU X D, YANG G J, GE P, et al. Inductions of β titanium alloy and solid state phase transition[J]. Titanium Industry Progress, 2008, 25(5):1-6(in Chinese).
[28] ZHANG S, WU W, WANG M C, et al. Laser induced TiC particle reinforced composite layer on Ti6Al4V and their microstructural characteristics[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2000, 10(1):6-9.
[29] 王海燕,高雪云,任慧平,等. 稀土Ce在α-Fe中占位倾向与作用机理的密度泛函理论研究[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2014, 43(11):2739-2742. WANG H Y, GAO X Y, REN H P, et al. Density functional theory study on cerium occupying tendency and effecting mechanism in bcc α-Fe[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2014, 43(11):2739-2742(in Chinese).
[30] 张光耀,王成磊,高原,等. 稀土对6063Al镍基激光熔覆层组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2015, 35(3):335-341. ZHANG G Y, WANG C L, GAO Y, et al. Effect of rare earth on the microstructure and tribological properties of laser cladding Ni-based coatings on 6063 Al[J]. Tribology, 2015, 35(3):335-341(in Chinese).
[31] 赵勋. 原位自生TiC增强钛基复合材料的制备与性能研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学, 2019. ZHAO X. Preparation and properties of in-situ TiC reinforced titanium matrix composites[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University, 2019(in Chinese).
[32] 潘博,黄怡晨,李俐群,等. 多次激光修复对ZTC4钛合金组织与硬度的影响[J]. 中国激光, 2019, 46(10):1002011. PAN B, HUANG Y C, LI L Q, et al. Effects of multiple laser repairs on microstructure and hardness of ZTC4 titanium alloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(10):1002011(in Chinese).
[33] VASANTHAKUMAR K, KARTHISELVA N S, CHAWAKE N M, et al. Formation of TiC_x during reactive spark plasma sintering of mechanically milled Ti/carbon nanotube mixtures[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 709(2017):829-841.
[34] 张秉刚,王廷,陈国庆,等. TC21钛合金电子束焊缝精细组织及其对硬度的影响[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2010, 20(S1):829-832. ZHANG B G, WANG T, CHEN G Q, et al. Fine microstructure and its effect on hardness of electron beam welding joint of TC21 Ti alloy[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2010, 20(S1):829-832(in Chinese).
[35] 吴欢,赵永庆,葛鹏,等. β稳定元素对钛合金α相强化行为的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2012, 41(5):805-810. WU H, ZHAO Y Q, GE P, et al. Effect of β stabilizing elements on the strengthening behavior of titanium α phase[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2012, 41(5):805-810(in Chinese).
[36] GARDOS M N. Magnéli phases of anion-deficient rutile as lubricious oxides. Part I. Tribological behavior of single-crystal and polycrystalline rutile (Ti_<i>nO₂_n-1)[J]. Tribology Letters, 2000, 8(2-3):79-96.
[37] GURAPPA I. Protection of titanium alloy components against high temperature corrosion[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A (Structural Materials:Properties, Microstructure and Processing), 2003, A356:372-380.
[38] 吴小红,罗军明,黄俊,等. 微波烧结TiC/Ti6Al4V复合材料的高温氧化行为[J]. 复合材料学报, 2017, 34(1):135-141. WU X H, LUO J M, HUANG J, et al. High temperature oxidation behavior of microwave sintering TiC/Ti6Al4V composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2017, 34(1):135-141(in Chinese).
[39] 姚小飞,谢发勤,韩勇,等. 温度对TC4钛合金磨损性能和摩擦系数的影响[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2012, 41(8):1463-1466. YAO X F, XIE F Q, HAN Y, et al. Effects of temperature on wear properties and friction coefficient of TC4 alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2012, 41(8):1463-1466(in Chinese).
[40] STRAFFELINI G. Mild sliding wear of Fe-0.2%C, Ti-6%Al-4%V and Al-7072:a comparative study[J]. Tribology Letters, 2011, 41(1):227-238.
[41] SONG S H, SUN H J,WANG M. Effect of rare earth cerium on brittleness of simulated welding heat-affected zones in a reactor pressure vessel steel[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2015, 33(11):1204-1211.
[42] 匡建新,汪新衡,刘安民,等. 稀土对激光熔覆金属陶瓷复合层的影响[J]. 润滑与密封, 2007, 32(6):87-89. KUANG J X, WANG X H, LIU A M, et al. Effects of CeO₂ on Ni-based metal-ceramic compound coatings by laser cladding[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2007, 32(6):87-89(in Chinese).
[43] 邱明,张永振,杨建恒,等. 摩擦热对Ti6Al4V合金摩擦磨损性能的影响[J]. 摩擦学学报, 2006, 26(3):203-207. QIU M, ZHANG Y Z, YANG J H, et al. Effects of friction heat on tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy sliding against GCr15 steel[J]. Tribology, 2006, 26(3):203-207(in Chinese).

E-mail：hkxb@buaa.edu.cn

关于我们

期刊社服务

专业学科

封面文章

友情链接

主管单位：中国科学技术协会主办单位：中国航空学会北京航空航天大学

含稀土TiC_x增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

Microstructure and wear resistance of TiC_x reinforced Ti-based laser cladding coating with rare earth

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	罗圣峰, 王光健, 马小斌, 郑丽丽, 汪瑞军. 钛液滴作用下钛合金薄片火蔓延的数值模拟[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(9): 425652-425652.
[2]	李晖, 吕海宇, 邹泽煜, 罗忠, 马辉, 韩清凯. 热环境下纤维增强复合材料圆柱壳非线性振动分析与验证[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(9): 425642-425642.
[3]	雍耀维, 赵瑞恒, 王军, 张帅. 铜合金表面激光熔覆镍基复合涂层性能分析[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(4): 525604-525604.
[4]	肖贵坚, 刘帅, 贺毅, 刘岗, 朱升旺, 宋沙雨. 钛合金激光砂带加工的离焦控制与表面形貌[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(4): 525603-525603.
[5]	彭振龙, 张翔宇, 张德远. 航空航天难加工材料高速超声波动式切削方法[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(4): 525587-525587.
[6]	陈波, 孟正, 马程远, 席鑫, 王昕欣, 檀财旺, 宋晓国. 扫描振镜激光TC4钛合金焊接性能及熔池流动行为[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(4): 525223-525223.
[7]	刘浩, 陈玉华, 章文滔. Ti/Al无针搅拌摩擦搭接点焊接头组织特征[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(2): 624680-624680.
[8]	邹祺, 叶逸云, 焦俊科, 吴志生, 徐子法, 张文武. 碳纤维增强热固性复合材料-钛合金激光连接接头性能分析[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(2): 625037-625037.
[9]	杨换平, 庄唯, 王耀勉, 剡文斌. 剧烈塑性变形对钛合金热氧化的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(9): 424656-424656.
[10]	张天刚, 张倩, 庄怀风, 李宝轩, 徐誉桐. TiC-TiB₂复合相钛基稀土激光熔覆层组织与性能[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(7): 424139-424139.
[11]	董志刚, 高宇, 康仁科, 杨国林, 鲍岩. 钛合金螺旋铣孔孔径偏差研究[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(3): 423841-423841.
[12]	郭怡东, 马玉娥, 李佩谣. 增材制造钛合金微桁架夹芯板低速冲击响应[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(2): 423820-423820.
[13]	袁经纬, 李卓, 汤海波, 程序. 热处理对激光增材制造TC4合金耐蚀性及室温压缩蠕变性能的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(10): 524390-524390.
[14]	李远霄, 焦锋, 张世杰, 张顺, 王雪, 童景琳. 高低频复合振动钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层结构试验[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(10): 524802-524802.
[15]	张纪奎, 孔祥艺, 马少俊, 刘栋, 王新波, 冯军, 王华明. 激光增材制造高强高韧TC11钛合金力学性能及航空主承力结构应用分析[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(10): 525430-525430.

含稀土TiCx增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

Microstructure and wear resistance of TiCx reinforced Ti-based laser cladding coating with rare earth

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

含稀土TiC_x增强钛基激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性

Microstructure and wear resistance of TiC_x reinforced Ti-based laser cladding coating with rare earth