航空学报 > 2014, Vol. 35 Issue (1): 13-28   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0335

深空探测器自主技术发展现状与趋势

崔平远1,2, 徐瑞1,2, 朱圣英1,2, 赵凡宇1,2   

  1. 1. 北京理工大学 宇航学院 深空探测技术研究所, 北京 100081;
    2. 飞行器动力学与控制教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-02 修回日期:2013-07-04 出版日期:2014-01-25 发布日期:2013-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 徐瑞,Tel.:010-68913550 E-mail:xurui@bit.edu.cn E-mail:xurui@bit.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:崔平远 男,博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:航天器自主导航与控制、智能控制、航天任务设计等。E-mail:cuipy@bit.edu.cn;徐瑞 男,博士,副教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:航天器自主控制、任务规划等。Tel:010-68913550 E-mail:xurui@bit.edu.cn;朱圣英 男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:航天器自主导航与控制。Tel:010-68918920 E-mail:zhushy@bit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家“973”计划(2012CB720000);国家自然科学基金(60803051,60874094);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20111101110001);北京理工大学科技创新团队资助项目

State of the Art and Development Trends of On-board Autonomy Technology for Deep Space Explorer

CUI Pingyuan1,2, XU Rui1,2, ZHU Shengying1,2, ZHAO Fanyu1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Deep Space Exploration, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Key Lab of Flight Vehicle Dynamics and Control of MOE, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2013-05-02 Revised:2013-07-04 Online:2014-01-25 Published:2013-07-19
  • Supported by:

    National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB720000); National Natural Science Foundation of China (60803051, 60874094); Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20111101110001); Project of BIT Science and Technology Innovation Team

摘要:

深空探测器距离地球远、所处环境复杂、苛刻,利用地面测控站进行深空探测器的遥测和遥控已经很难满足探测器控制的实时性和安全性要求。深空探测器自主技术即通过在探测器上构建一个智能自主管理软件系统,自主地进行工程任务与科学任务的规划调度、命令执行、星上状态的监测与故障时的系统重构,完成无人参与情况下的探测器长时间自主安全运行,自主技术已经逐渐成为深空探测领域未来发展的一项关键技术。本文首先分析了传统测控模式对深空探测的约束,回顾了深空探测器自主技术发展的现状,分析了实现深空探测器自主运行的关键技术,包括在轨自主管理系统设计技术、自主任务规划技术、自主导航与控制技术、自主故障处理技术和自主科学任务操作技术。然后结合深空探测工程实施和技术发展需求,提出未来深空探测器自主技术发展的趋势和重点。

关键词: 深空探测, 自主管理, 规划, 自主导航, 系统恢复

Abstract:

During the process of deep space exploration, the explorer is far away from the Earth while the environment around it is complex and harsh. Therefore it is difficult for ground stations with telecontrol and telemetry to satisfy the real-time and safety requirements of control systems for the deep space explorer. Autonomy technology then becomes a key to deep space exploration. An on-board autonomous management software system is used to enable the planning and scheduling of engineering and science tasks, execute commands, monitor states of the explorer and reconfigue the system when faults arise, all of which guarantees the autonomous and safe on-board operation without commands from the ground in the long cause of exploration. This paper first analyzed the limits of the traditional measuring and controlling mode for deep space exploration and reviewed the state of the art of autonomy technology. Then, it analyzed the key techniques of the autonomy of the explorer, which consisted of on-board autonomous management system designing, autonomous mission planning, autonomous navigation and control, autonomous fault processing and recovery, and autonomous operation of scientific mission. Finally, combined with the engineering implementation and technology requirements of deep space exploration, the paper envisaged the development trends and key points of autonomous technology of deep space explorers in future.

Key words: deep space exploration, autonomous management, planning, autonomous navigation, system recovery

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