航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (4): 232327-232327   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32327

固体力学与飞行器总体设计

基于实测冲击响应谱的飞机结构炮振响应预计与验证

李益萱1,2(), 陈英华3, 李凯翔1,2, 白春玉1,2, 刘小川1,2   

  1. 1.中国飞机强度研究所 航空声学与振动航空科技重点实验室,西安 710065
    2.中国飞机强度研究所 强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,西安 710065
    3.中国直升机设计研究所,景德镇 333001
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30 修回日期:2025-07-16 接受日期:2025-07-28 出版日期:2025-08-13 发布日期:2025-08-11
  • 通讯作者: 李益萱 E-mail:liyixuan0430@126.com

Prediction and validation of aircraft structure response to gunfire vibration based on measured shock response spectrum

Yixuan LI1,2(), Yinghua CHEN3, Kaixiang LI1,2, Chunyu BAI1,2, Xiaochuan LIU1,2   

  1. 1.Aviation Acoustic and Vibration Aviation Science and Technology Key Laboratory,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China
    3.China Helicopter Design and Research Institute,Jingdezhen 333001,China
  • Received:2025-05-30 Revised:2025-07-16 Accepted:2025-07-28 Online:2025-08-13 Published:2025-08-11
  • Contact: Yixuan LI E-mail:liyixuan0430@126.com

摘要:

针对飞机炮振环境筛选试验中通用谱与实测数据偏差显著的问题,通过实测飞机设备舱炮振响应,发现其采用随机振动形式无法表征真实冲击脉冲特性,且幅值偏差达5倍以上,导致能量匹配失准与结构累积损伤评估失效。基于炮振实测数据构建冲击响应谱(SRS),并在实测受限时结合扩展工况传递路径分析(OPAX)方法进行响应预计,通过有限元仿真与实验室试验验证,结果表明:SRS合成波形与实测数据在脉冲形态、幅值趋势上高度一致(能量误差<15%),且其应变响应可有效包络实测波动范围。研究表明,SRS通过多脉冲能量统计与结构动力学耦合,精准复现了真实炮振环境的动态特性,结合OPAX方法对炮振高影响区响应的预计能力,推进了国内炮振响应预计、谱编制的工程化应用发展,为飞机结构与机载设备提供了科学、标准化的炮振试验方法,显著提升了装备环境适应性试验的精准性和工程实用性。

关键词: 炮振环境试验, 炮振通用谱, 冲击响应谱(SRS), 实测数据建模, OPAX响应预计

Abstract:

The widely adopted Program IV general spectrum in China’ s military aircraft gunfire environment screening tests has been found to exhibit significant discrepancies with real-world gunfire vibration environments. Practical applications reveal substantial energy mismatch (amplitude differences exceeding fivefold) and failure in accurately evaluating structural cumulative damage. To address these issues, this study conducted gunfire vibration measurements on an aircraft equipment cabin. The results demonstrate that the traditional random-vibration-based general spectrum cannot characterize the real shock pulse characteristics. Subsequently, a Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) was constructed based on measured data. The Operational Path Analysis with eXogenous inputs (OPAX) method was further applied to predict responses in high-impact zones where direct measurement is restricted. Finite element simulations and laboratory experiments were employed to validate the SRS method. The findings reveal that the SRS-derived waveform exhibited high consistency with measured data in terms of pulse morphology and amplitude trends (energy matching error <15%); the SRS strain responses effectively enveloped the full range of transient shock test results. This study further shows that SRS, by integrating multi-pulse energy statistics with structural dynamics coupling, precisely replicates the dynamic characteristics of real gunfire environments. Combined with OPAX predictions, the approach promotes the development of domestic engineering applications for gunfire vibration spectra and response estimation, and provides a scientific, standardized testing methodology for evaluating the reliability of aircraft structures and airborne equipment. The proposed approach significantly enhances the precision and practicality of environmental adaptability verification for defense systems.

Key words: gunfire vibration environment testing, gunfire vibration general spectrum, Shock Response Spectrum (SRS), measured data modeling, OPAX-based response prediction

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