仿生覆羽控制分离剪切流动相干结构实验研究(2024噪声专栏)

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30284

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仿生覆羽控制分离剪切流动相干结构实验研究(2024噪声专栏)

刘一宏¹,马兴宇¹,潘家腾¹,姜楠²

1. 天津大学
2. 天津大学机械工程学院力学系

收稿日期:2024-02-03 修回日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2024-04-19 发布日期:2024-04-19
通讯作者: 马兴宇
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金;翼型、叶栅空气动力学国家级重点实验室稳定支持经费项目;气动噪声控制重点实验室开放课题;西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题;中德合作研究小组计划

Experimental study of bionic flow control of separated shear flow

Received:2024-02-03 Revised:2024-04-10 Online:2024-04-19 Published:2024-04-19
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China;National Natural Science Foundation of China;The Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research;The Open Project Program of the Key Laboratory of Aerodynamic Noise Control;The Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System;The Sino-German Center for Research Promotion-Mobility Program

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 猫头鹰翅膀上翼面的柔性锯齿形覆羽具有优良的控制流动分离、抑制涡流噪声的效果。通过风洞实验研究了柔性锯齿形覆羽结构控制平面后台阶下游的平行剪切流动中大尺度相干结构的效果。实验中分别采用不同厚度的覆羽装置安装在后台阶流动分离处，随气流自适应振动，采用单丝热线风速仪分别测量流向、法向和展向的速度信号，将控制工况和干净台阶工况的时域和频域结果等进行对比分析。实验结果表明，不同厚度的覆羽装置均有控制平行剪切流动分离、降低湍流脉动脉动强度、抑制剪切层中大尺度相干结构生成的作用。其中，0.2mm厚度的覆羽在剪切层流动驱动下进行微小振动，受扰动的分离区长度减小约20%，剪切层中心湍流脉动强度降低约30%。小波分析显示，自适应振动具有“振动-梳理”后台阶下游剪切层流动、抑制展向高低速条带结构的生成、降低低频大尺度相干结构占比的作用。研究结果证实了鸟类柔性锯齿形覆羽自适应振动对分离剪切层流动的控制效果，揭示了控制流动分离、抑制涡流噪声的力学机理。

关键词: 仿生学, 覆羽, 流动控制, 分离剪切层, 相干结构

Abstract: The flexible serrated coverts on the upper wing of an owl play an effective role in controlling flow separation and reducing acoustic noise. The wind tunnel experiments are conducted to study the flow control effectiveness of the flexible serrated coverts structures on the large-scale coherent structures in the parallel shear flow downstream of a backward-facing step. In the experiment, the bionic coverts of different thicknesses were installed on the step edge and they are driven to adaptively flutter by the air flow. The turbulent velocity in the downstream were measured by hot wire anemometer, and the coherent features are analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. The results show that the coverts of different thicknesses are capable of controlling the flow separation, reducing the turbulent fluctuation intensity and suppressing the generation of the large-scale coherent structures within the shear layer. Among them, the coverts of 0.2mm shows the most effective results, which reduce the separation length by approximately 20% and decrease the turbulent intensity peaks by approximately 30%. Furthermore, the wavelet analysis shows that the adaptive fluttering motions have the effect of “combing” the separated shear layer, suppressing the high- and low-speed streaks, and reducing the proportion of low-frequency large-scale coherent structures. The experimental study shows the flow control effect of the flexible serrated coverts of birds, and reveals the underlying mechanism of flow separation control and acoustic noise reduction.

Key words: bionics, coverts, flow control, separated shear layer, coherent structures

中图分类号:

刘一宏马兴宇潘家腾姜楠. 仿生覆羽控制分离剪切流动相干结构实验研究(2024噪声专栏)[J]. 航空学报, doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30284.

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E-mail：hkxb@buaa.edu.cn

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主管单位：中国科学技术协会主办单位：中国航空学会北京航空航天大学

仿生覆羽控制分离剪切流动相干结构实验研究(2024噪声专栏)

Experimental study of bionic flow control of separated shear flow

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