航空学报 > 2020, Vol. 41 Issue (7): 23651-023651   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6593.2020.23651

载人火星探测进展及其EDL过程GNC关键技术

马广富, 龚有敏, 郭延宁, 高新洲   

  1. 哈尔滨工业大学 控制科学与工程系, 哈尔滨 150001
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-12 修回日期:2019-11-25 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 郭延宁 E-mail:guoyn@hit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(61973100,61673135,61876050)

Human Mars mission: Research progress and GNC key technologies during EDL

MA Guangfu, GONG Youmin, GUO Yanning, GAO Xinzhou   

  1. Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • Received:2019-11-12 Revised:2019-11-25 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-07-28
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (61973100,61673135,61876050)

摘要: 随着火星探测技术的不断发展和探测任务的不断推进,载人火星探测在未来将会成为火星探测的重要手段。首先,回顾了无人火星探测任务的发展历程,对比分析了部分无人火星探测器进入、下降与着陆(EDL)过程的参数。然后,结合无人火星探测、载人月球探测和载人航天再入过程,梳理了载人火星探测的特点及需求,系统地总结了前苏联/俄罗斯和美国的载人火星探测研究进展以及技术储备。接着,归纳了载人火星探测的体系构成、集结方式和主要的技术挑战。最后,概括了载人火星EDL过程面临的难题,重点阐述了EDL的导航、制导与控制(GNC)关键技术。

关键词: 载人火星探测, 无人火星探测, 火星探测体系, 进入、下降与着陆(EDL), 导航、制导与控制(GNC)

Abstract: With the development of Mars exploration technology and the advancement of Mars exploration missions, human Mars missions will become an important means of Mars exploration in the future. This paper first summarizes the current situation of unmanned Mars exploration missions, analyzing and comparing afterwards the Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) parameters of some successful unmanned Mars explorers. Next, the characteristics and requirements of human Mars missions are presented based on a combination with the process of unmanned Mars exploration, manned lunar exploration, and manned earth re-entry. The research progress and technologies of human Mars missions in the Soviet Union/Russia and the United States are then systematically introduced. Hereafter, the main composition, assembly means, and main technical challenges of human Mars missions are provided. Furthermore, the problems of EDL in human Mars missions are summarized, followed finally by an introduction of key technologies of Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) during EDL in human Mars missions.

Key words: human Mars missions, unmanned Mars exploration, composition of Mars missions, Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL), Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC)

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